12) past and future tenses Flashcards
passe compose
compound past
most common past tense in french
two parts of passe compose?
auxiliary verb - normally avoir, can be etre
past participle - past tense of the verb
i’m eating (present continous)
i have eaten (past perfect)
have = aux verb
eaten = past participle
-ir verbs? eg finir
drop -ir, replace with i
finir becomes fini
-er verbs? eg manger
drop -er, replace with e (accented e, accent to 1 pm)
manger become mange (accented e)
-re verbs? eg vendre
drop -re, replace with u
vendre becomes vendu
to form passe compose?
1- aux verb?
2- past participle
1- conjugate aux verb normally avoir to the person speaking
2- get the past participle of the verb
i have eaten
j’ai mange (accented e)
he has sold the strawberries
il a vendu les fraises
when to use etre as opposed to avoir?
DR. and MRS VANDERTRAMP (starting letter of verbs)
when using intransitive verbs which indicate either motion (going somewhere) or a change of state (changing in some essential way), you use etre as your aux verb
to become something
devenir
to enter something again
rentrer
to go up something
monter
to stay
rester
to leave, exit or go out
sortir
to come
venir
to go somewhere
aller
to be born to somebody
naitre
to go down something or descend
descendre
to enter into something
entrer
to return to something
retourner
to fall down or trip
tomber
to return to something or come back
revenir
to arrive to/ at something
arriver
to die
mourir
to leave somewhere
partir
he left
il est venu
she left
elle est venue
they left
ils sont venus
when using avoir as the aux verb?
the subject and the participle need not agree
when using etre as the aux verb?
the subject and the participle must agree
imparfait/imperfect past tense - refers to?
ongoing event or state in the past
eg: i was happy or i was young
or a repeated event eg: i used to watch
-er verbs. imparfat?
drop the ending and add
- ais
- ais
- ait
- ions
- iez
- aient
-re verbs. imparfait?
more complicated and can slightly change
prendre = je prenais
croire = je croyais
dire = je disais
-ir verbs of 3rd group. imparfait?
same as -er verbs
- ais
- ais
- ait
- ions
- iez
- aient
-ir verbs of 2nd group. imparfait?
do the same as 3rd group but add -iss before it
finir = je finissais
grandir = je grandissais
when i was young, i would play often
quand j’etais jeune, je jouais souvent
when to use imperfect over passe compose?
1- actions or states which occurred often and not just once
2- description of either emotional or physical states
3- any states or actions where the duration is ongoing but unknown
4- used alongisde passe compose in order to give more depth or information
5- polite suggestion and wishes
6- as part of a conditional clause
could you help me? (tu)
pourrais-tu m’aider?
future proche/ close future - meaning?
events that will most certainly happen
how to create future proche?
combine aller conjugated to the person alongside the infinitive of the verb to be carried out in the near future
subject + aller + infinitive verb
infinitive verb meaning?
any verb that is preceded by the word ‘to’ is an infinitive verb
i’m going to go shopping
je vais faire les magasins
they’re going to go play basketball
ils vont jouer au basket
are you going to the bookstore tomorrow? - tu
vas-tu aller a la librarire demain ?
futur simple/ simple future tense ?
implies something will happen at some point in the future
how to form futur simple ?
take the entire infinitive of a verb as the stem and then add
- ai
- as
- a
- ons
- ez
- ont
how to form futur simple with -re verb?
remove the final -e then add as normal for futur simple
etre and avoir futur simple ?
these have future stems of ser- and aur- respectively
chanter (to sing) futur simple ?
je chanterai - (shahn-teh-reh) tu chanteras - (same) il/elle/on chantera (same) nous chanterons (shahn-teh-rohn) vous chaterz (shahn-teh-rey) ils/elles chanteront (shahn-teh-rohn)
