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IT130 > 1.2 Network Models > Flashcards

1.2 Network Models Flashcards

1
Q

Two most important network models:

A
  1. Open System Interconnection (OSI) model
  2. Internet Model
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2
Q

Usually called the OSI Model for short

A

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

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3
Q

Commercial networks used by businesses were built using non-standardized technologies developed by one vendor (sometimes referred to as ____________, or vendor-specific)

A

proprietary

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4
Q

During the late 1970s, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created the ________________________ Subcommittee, whose task was to develop a framework of standards for computer to computer communications

A

Open System Interconnection (OSI)

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5
Q

Other characteristics of the OSI model include:
1. OSI model is _____ a protocol
2. It is a model for understanding and designing a ____________ that is flexible, robust, and interoperable

A

NOT…network architecture

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6
Q

It consists of ________ separate layers, each of which defines a part of the process of moving information across a network

A

seven

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7
Q

OSI Model Layers:

A
  1. Application
  2. Presentation
  3. Session
  4. Transport
  5. Network
  6. Data Link
  7. Physical
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8
Q

The ____________ coordinates the functions required to carry a bit stream over a physical medium or channel.

A

physical layer

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9
Q

It is responsible for moving the individual bits from node (or hop) to the next

A

Physical Layer

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10
Q

It deals with the mechanical and electrical specifications of the interface and transmission medium

A

Physical Layer

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11
Q

It also defines the procedures and functions that physical devices and interfaces must perform for transmission to occur

A

Physical Layer

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12
Q

The ____________ is also concerned with the following:
1. Physical characteristics of the interfaces and medium
2. Representation of bits – defines the type of encoding (how bits are changed to signals)
3. Data Rate
4. Synchronization of bits
5. Line configuration
6. Physical topology
7. Transmission mode

A

physical layer

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13
Q

The ____________ transforms the physical layer to a “reliable link.” It is also responsible for moving frames from one node (or hop) to the next

A

data link layer

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14
Q

Responsibilities of this layer includes:
1. Framing
2. Physical addressing
3. Flow control
4. Error control
5. Access control

A

Data Link Layer

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15
Q

Data link layer divides the stream of bits received from the network layer into manageable data units called frames

A

Framing

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16
Q

Adds a header to the frame to define the sender and/or receiver of the frame

A

Physical addressing

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17
Q

Imposes a flow control mechanism to avoid overwhelming the receiver

A

Flow control

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18
Q

Add mechanisms to detect and retransmit damaged or lost frames

A

Error control

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19
Q

When two or more devices are connected to the same link, this layer determines which device has control over the link

A

Access control

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20
Q

The ____________ is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of a packet, possibly across multiple networks (links)

A

network layer

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21
Q

Oversees the delivery of the packet between two systems on the same network

A

Data link layer

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22
Q

Ensures that each packet gets from its point of origin to its final destination

A

Network layer

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23
Q

Other responsibilities of the network layer include:

A
  1. Logical addressing
  2. Routing
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24
Q

Adds header to the packet, including the logical address (address needed to help distinguish the source/destination systems)

A

Logical addressing

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25
Q

When independent networks or links are connected to create internetworks or a large network, the connecting devices (called routers or switch) route or switch the packets to their final destination

A

Routing

26
Q

The ____________ is responsible for process-to-process delivery of the entire message

A

transport layer

27
Q

A __________ is an application program running on a host

A

process

28
Q

Computers often run several programs at the same time — therefore, source-to-destination delivery means not only from one computer to the next but also from a ____________

A

specific process

29
Q

To do this, a type of address called ____________ (or port address) is included in the transport layer header

A

service-point address

30
Q

Other responsibilities of the transport layer include:

A
  1. Segmentation and reassembly
  2. Connection control
  3. Flow control
  4. Error control
31
Q

A message is divided into transmittable segments, with each segment containing a sequence number

A

Segmentation and reassembly

32
Q

Treats each segment as an independent packet and delivers it to the transport layer at the destination

A

Connectionless

33
Q

Makes a connection with the transport layer at the destination machine first before delivering the packets

A

Connection-oriented

34
Q

Flow control at this layer is performed end to end rather than across a single link (which is done by the data link)

A

Flow control (transport layer)

35
Q

Performed process-to-process rather than across a single link

A

Error control (transport layer)

36
Q

The ____________ is the network dialogue controller — it establishes, maintains, and synchronizes the interaction among communicating systems

A

session layer

37
Q

Specific responsibilities of the session layer include:

A
  1. Dialog control
  2. Synchronization
38
Q

Session layer allows two systems to enter into a dialog; it allows the communication between two processes to take place in either half-duplex or full-duplex

A

Dialog control

39
Q

The session layer allows a process to add checkpoints or synchronization points (or bits) to a stream of data

A

Synchronization

40
Q

The ____________ is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems

A

presentation layer

41
Q

Specific responsibilities of the presentation layer include:

A
  1. Translation
  2. Encryption
  3. Compression
42
Q

Because different systems use different encoding techniques, this layer is responsible for interoperability between these encoding methods

A

Translation

43
Q

Means that the sender transforms the original information to another form

A

Encryption

44
Q

Data compression reduces the number of bits contained in the information

A

Compression

45
Q

The ____________ enables the user, whether human or software, to access the network. It is also responsible for providing services to the user

A

application layer

46
Q

Specific responsibilities of the application layer include:

A
  1. User Interface (UI)
  2. Network virtual terminal
  3. File transfer, access, and management
  4. Mail services
  5. Directory services
47
Q

A software version of a physical terminal that allows a user to log on to a remote host

A

Network virtual terminal

48
Q

Allows a user to access files in a remote host, to retrieve files, and to manage or control files

A

File transfer, access, and management

49
Q

Provides distributed database sources

A

Directory services

50
Q
  1. Application
  2. Transport
  3. Network
  4. Data Link
  5. Physical
A

The Internet Model layers

51
Q

Google Chrome (browser), Web Pages (through HTTP) are examples of ____________

A

application layer

52
Q

TCP/IP protocol is an example of ____________

A

Internetwork or INTERNET layer group (Transport & Network Layer)

53
Q

Ethernet ports, Ethernet cables, and Ethernet software drivers are examples of ____________

A

Hardware layer group (Data Link & Physical Layer)

54
Q

A set of rules that define what the layer will do and provides a clearly defined set of messages that software at the layer needs to understand

A

Protocol

55
Q

All layers, except the physical layer, create a new ___________________ as the message passes through them

A

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

56
Q

The _______ contains information that is needed to transmit the message through the network

A

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

57
Q

First, on the sender’s end, a user may create a message at the ___________ layer (e.g., web page request using a browser)

A

application

58
Q

The transport layer uses the protocol ___________________ to break this request (or other large files) into smaller segments

A

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

59
Q

The network layer then uses the IP (Internet Protocol) to select the next hop or stop on the message’s route; PDU is called an ____________

A

IP packet

60
Q

The data link layer adds start and stop markers, error checks information, and places the packet in a __________ - the PDU at this layer

A

frame

61
Q

The physical then sends the frame as series of 0s and 1s (or ______) onto the physical channel

A

bits

IT130 (7 decks)

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