1.2 - native american societies before european contact

Question 1

original discovery/settlement in americas

Answer 1

10-40K years ago
migrants from Asia
land bridge
50-100M population

Question 2

mayas

Answer 2

south mexico (yucatan peninsula)
built cities

Question 3

aztecs

Answer 3

centuries after decline of mayas
central mexico
Tenochtitlan (capital) pop 200K

Question 4

incas

Answer 4

same time as aztecs
peru (western south america)

Question 5

all 3 central/south american civilizations

Answer 5

extensive trade
accurate scientific calendars
rely on maize for food (inca potato)

Question 6

southwest settlements

Answer 6

hohokam, anasazi, pueblos
new mexico, arizona - arid
caves, cliffs, multistory buildings
maize start econ
weakened by drought, native enemies

Question 7

northwest settlements

Answer 7

alaska-cali - coastal, mountain
permanent longhouses
hunting, fishing, foraging
totem poles for stories
mountain ranges isolate tribes

Question 8

great basin, plains

Answer 8

dry climate, grasslands
temporary tepees, river LT lodges
hunting buffalo -> food, tools
maize, beans
trade, steal horses from Spanish follow buffalo (lakota sioux)
migration common

Question 9

mississippi river valley

Answer 9

riverside
LT settlements in mississippi, ohio river valleys
adena hopewell culture large dirt mounds
hunting, fishing, farming
largest - cahokia

Question 10

northeast settlements

Answer 10

iroquois confederation (seneca, cayuga etc) - battle enemies
from ohio to NY
descendant of adena hopewell culture
relatives in longhouse
hunting+farming
soil ST

Question 11

atlantic seaboard settlements

Answer 11

in northeast
cherokee, lumbee - descendants of woodland mound builders
new jersey-florida
wood river lodgings
food from atlantic+rivers

Question 12

all NA tribes

Answer 12

less maize -> less ppl, specialize, complex vs. CSA
semipermanent at columbus time
diverse environment -> culture, 400 languages