1.2 Naming plants Flashcards
Why plants change name
- Clarification of genus name
- Rule of priority - the first published name for a plant takes precedence - if an older publication is discovered a name may change.
- As knowledge about a plant increases it may be necessary to place it in a different more appropriate genus.
Example of plant misidentification
Incorrect name - Achillea taygeta
Correct name - Achillea clypeolata
Changes of names - misidentification
When a plant is misidentified it’s name name will be corrected by the correct name
Example of intergeric hybrid
X Amarine tubergenii
Across between Amarylis and Nerine
Intergenic hybrid - definition
- Cross between two different genera being crossed
- Result of two species crossing is called bi-generic
- Less common hybrid
- Seed often sterile
How to write an inter specific hybrid
Add and ‘x’ before species name.
Example of interspecific hybrid
Lonicera x brownie
Result of cross between Lonicera sempervirens and L.hirsuta
Interspecific hybrid - definition
Result of two or more species being crossed within the same genus.
Hybridisation- definition
Result of natural or artificial cross-pollination
How to write Trade Designation and example
- Usually capitals to differentiate.
- No quotation marks.
- Ideally Trade Designation and
Cultivar should be alongside each other
Eg. Hebe Pixie ‘Mohawk’
Small TM or R in a circle should be used as necessary.
Eg. Petunia SURFINA R(in a circle)
Trade designation- definition
Plants can be sold under different or translated name.
Trade designation can be used if a name is offensive in another language or difficult.
Definition of Plant Breeders’ Rights
Protects the investment of plant breeders mad in producing new plant cultivars.
Plant breeders register plant for Plant Breeders’ Rights.
Prevents unlawful propagation.
Similar to copyright, entitles owner to rights and royalties.
Writing a group
Not written in italics
Begins with capital letter
Definition of group
Group of cultivars, species or hybrids with similar characteristics
Also plants derived from a hybrid of unknown parentage.
Example of cultivar
Acre pseudoplatanus ‘Leopoldi’
Capital to start
Not in italics
Single quotation marks
Cultivar (cv)
Cultivated variety
Definition
Introduced in 1950s
Exhibits stable and repeatable characteristics when propagated
Usually produced by horticulturists
Internationally agreed term for a cultivated variety.
Group of plants clearly distinguished by any character and which, when reproduced retains its distinguishing character.
Authority that covers distinct form that occur in the wild
International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants.
Example of Forma (f.)
Clematis montana f. grandiflora
Cyclamen purpurascens f. alba
How Forma (f.) is written
Written in lower case following specific epithet.
Definition (f.) (Forma specialis)
Refers to point if minor variation.
Plants possessing the characteristic may be grouped together.
Lowest category reserved for single character variants eg. White flowers on a plants being the only variation it may be known as Forma alba, usually written f. alba
Writing varietals (var.)
Written in lower case
Italicised in print
Underlined when hand written
Subdivisions for variations within, the species, for wild plants
Subspecies (subsp.)
Varietas (var.)
Forma (f.)
Definition of Varietas (var.)
Botanical variety
- individual type
- noticeably different from parent species
- breeds true to type
- will pollinate other plants in the same specific group
Varietas (var.) - description
Used for lesser variants of a species, only for wild plants, usually local.
Rarely found in geographically distinct areas
Example if Varietas
Salix repens var. argentea
Genus - Salix - willow
Species - repens- creeping
Variation - argentea - silver
Foliage is distinctly silver
Organisation responsible for plants of garden origin
International code for Nomenclature for
Cultivated Plants
Naming authority
Authority is the author if the name concerned.
Important when establishing priority.
Establishing priority can become difficult when taxa are combined.
Generally, oldest authority is correct eg. First to be validly published post Linnaeus.
Writing Graft chimaeras and example
+ is written before Genus
Eg. +Crataegomespilus ‘Dardarii’
Result of grafting Crataegus monogyna +Mespilus Germanic
Writing naming authority
Authority can be quoted, for example:
Primula vulgaris HUD’s
Definition of graft chimaeras (graft hybrids)
Chimaera - plant containing mix of cells from two different sources caused by mutation or grafting.
Graft chimaera is rare.
Scion from one genus is grafted onto root stock from another genus
Arising bud contains tissue from both scion and stock and has different charcteristics
