1.2 Naming plants

Question 1

Why plants change name

Answer 1

1. Clarification of genus name
2. Rule of priority - the first published name for a plant takes precedence - if an older publication is discovered a name may change.
3. As knowledge about a plant increases it may be necessary to place it in a different more appropriate genus.

Question 2

Example of plant misidentification

Answer 2

Incorrect name - Achillea taygeta

Correct name - Achillea clypeolata

Question 3

Changes of names - misidentification

Answer 3

When a plant is misidentified it’s name name will be corrected by the correct name

Question 4

Example of intergeric hybrid

Answer 4

X Amarine tubergenii

Across between Amarylis and Nerine

Question 5

Intergenic hybrid - definition

Answer 5

1. Cross between two different genera being crossed
2. Result of two species crossing is called bi-generic
3. Less common hybrid
4. Seed often sterile

Question 6

How to write an inter specific hybrid

Answer 6

Add and ‘x’ before species name.

Question 7

Example of interspecific hybrid

Answer 7

Lonicera x brownie

Result of cross between Lonicera sempervirens and L.hirsuta

Question 8

Interspecific hybrid - definition

Answer 8

Result of two or more species being crossed within the same genus.

Question 9

Hybridisation- definition

Answer 9

Result of natural or artificial cross-pollination

Question 10

How to write Trade Designation and example

Answer 10

1. Usually capitals to differentiate.
2. No quotation marks.
3. Ideally Trade Designation and
   Cultivar should be alongside each other

Eg. Hebe Pixie ‘Mohawk’

Small TM or R in a circle should be used as necessary.
Eg. Petunia SURFINA R(in a circle)

Question 11

Trade designation- definition

Answer 11

Plants can be sold under different or translated name.

Trade designation can be used if a name is offensive in another language or difficult.

Question 12

Definition of Plant Breeders’ Rights

Answer 12

Protects the investment of plant breeders mad in producing new plant cultivars.

Plant breeders register plant for Plant Breeders’ Rights.

Prevents unlawful propagation.

Similar to copyright, entitles owner to rights and royalties.

Question 13

Writing a group

Answer 13

Not written in italics

Begins with capital letter

Question 14

Definition of group

Answer 14

Group of cultivars, species or hybrids with similar characteristics
Also plants derived from a hybrid of unknown parentage.

Question 15

Example of cultivar

Answer 15

Acre pseudoplatanus ‘Leopoldi’

Capital to start
Not in italics
Single quotation marks

Question 16

Cultivar (cv)

Cultivated variety

Definition

Answer 16

Introduced in 1950s
Exhibits stable and repeatable characteristics when propagated
Usually produced by horticulturists

Internationally agreed term for a cultivated variety.
Group of plants clearly distinguished by any character and which, when reproduced retains its distinguishing character.

Question 17

Authority that covers distinct form that occur in the wild

Answer 17

International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants.

Question 18

Example of Forma (f.)

Answer 18

Clematis montana f. grandiflora

Cyclamen purpurascens f. alba

Question 19

How Forma (f.) is written

Answer 19

Written in lower case following specific epithet.

Question 20

Definition (f.) (Forma specialis)

Answer 20

Refers to point if minor variation.
Plants possessing the characteristic may be grouped together.
Lowest category reserved for single character variants eg. White flowers on a plants being the only variation it may be known as Forma alba, usually written f. alba

Question 21

Writing varietals (var.)

Answer 21

Written in lower case

Italicised in print

Underlined when hand written

Question 22

Subdivisions for variations within, the species, for wild plants

Answer 22

Subspecies (subsp.)
Varietas (var.)
Forma (f.)

Question 23

Definition of Varietas (var.)

Answer 23

Botanical variety

• individual type
• noticeably different from parent species
• breeds true to type
• will pollinate other plants in the same specific group

Question 24

Varietas (var.) - description

Answer 24

Used for lesser variants of a species, only for wild plants, usually local.

Rarely found in geographically distinct areas

Question 25

Example if Varietas

Answer 25

Salix repens var. argentea

Genus - Salix - willow
Species - repens- creeping
Variation - argentea - silver

Foliage is distinctly silver

Question 26

Organisation responsible for plants of garden origin

Answer 26

International code for Nomenclature for

Cultivated Plants

Question 27

Naming authority

Answer 27

Authority is the author if the name concerned.

Important when establishing priority.

Establishing priority can become difficult when taxa are combined.

Generally, oldest authority is correct eg. First to be validly published post Linnaeus.

Question 28

Writing Graft chimaeras and example

Answer 28

+ is written before Genus

Eg. +Crataegomespilus ‘Dardarii’

Result of grafting Crataegus monogyna +Mespilus Germanic

Question 29

Writing naming authority

Answer 29

Authority can be quoted, for example:

Primula vulgaris HUD’s

Question 30

Definition of graft chimaeras (graft hybrids)

Answer 30

Chimaera - plant containing mix of cells from two different sources caused by mutation or grafting.

Graft chimaera is rare.
Scion from one genus is grafted onto root stock from another genus

Arising bud contains tissue from both scion and stock and has different charcteristics