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Edexcel A level: Product Design > 1.2 Materials and there applications > Flashcards

1.2 Materials and there applications Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main hardwoods

A 
Oak
Mahogany
Beech
Jelutong
Balsa
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2
Q

What are the 4 main softwoods

A

Pine
Cedar
Larch
Redwood

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3
Q

What’s the difference between hardwoods and softwoods

A

Hardwoods: deciduous trees, expensive and slow growing
Softwoods: coniferous trees, cheaper and fast growing

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4
Q

Where are softwoods and hardwoods grown

A

Softwoods are made in North Europe and Northern America whilst hardwoods are grown in South America, Africa and South Asia (Equatorial Regions)

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5
Q

What are the two types of timber cuts

A

Quarter (Radial) Sawn

Through and Through

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6
Q

What is Quarter (Radial) Sawn

A

Log cut into quarters, then cut again. Produces good quality timber. more stable. More time consuming, and wasteful

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7
Q

What is Through and Through

A

Parallel slices: Quickest and cheapest method. Mainly softwoods. Some tangential, some radial

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8
Q

When cut how should wood be stored

A

Timber is Hygroscopic so it absorbs water in damp conditions and gives up water in dry conditions
Therefore the moisture level should be <14% for indoor use and <20% minimum to stop decay and increase resistance to rotting

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9
Q

What are the two seasoning techniques

A

Natural (Air)- stacked in open sheds

Artificial (Kiln)- Steamed, pressure and humidity reduced, heated and hot dry air is circulated

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10
Q

What is a Ferrous metal

A

A metal that contains iron

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11
Q

What happens when carbon is added to the metal

A

The metal becomes harder and more brittle

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12
Q

What is the advantages and disadvantages of Acrylic (PMMA)

A

A: Laser cut and machined well, can be polished, stiff hard plastic, durable and resistant to acid and weather
D: Brittle and scratches easy

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13
Q

What is the advantages and disadvantages of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

A

A: Excellent for moulding, less flexible than LDPE, can be sterilised, resistant to corrosion
D: Not recyclable, poor dimensional accuracy, difficult to bond, flammable, stress cracking

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14
Q

What is the advantages and disadvantages of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

A

A: Soft and springy, tough, soft and flexible, good electrical insulator
D: Not recyclable and not as resistant to UV as HDPE

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15
Q

What is the advantages and disadvantages of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

A

A: Semi-rigid, excellent barrier to chemical and gas, very low toxicity (food safe), tough and strong, good scratch resistance
D: very susceptible to heat degradation

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16
Q

What is the advantages and disadvantages of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

A

A: Tough, either stiff or flexible, lightweight, good chemical resistance, can be welded bonded
D: Easily scratched, becomes brittle under UV unless stabilized to become uPVC

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17
Q

What is the advantages and disadvantages of Polypropylene (PS)

A

A: Inexpensive, light, hard, stiff, transparent, good water resistance
D: Brittle, low impact polystyrene breaks very easily, not strong

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18
Q

What is the advantages and disadvantages of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

A

A: Excellent impact resistance, good resistance to chemical corrosion
D: Only available in opaque, poor weathering

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19
Q

What is the difference between thermoplastics and thermo-setting plastics

A

Thermoplastics can be remelted so it can be recycled whilst thermosetting cannot and therefore is worse for the environment

20
Q

How is GPR made

A 
Add gel coat to the mould
Add the first layer of fiber
Roll resin onto the fiber
Let dry
Repeat adding fiber and resin
Take out of mould
21
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Newsprint

A

Cheap, lightweight, uncoated

Used in newspaper

22
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Layout Paper

A

Thin, slightly transparent

Used for sketches and tracing

23
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Tracing Paper

A

Transparent

Used for tracing

24
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Sugar Paper

A

Cheap, uncoated, variety of colours yet can fade

used for cheap mounting up of work

25
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Inkjet/laser photo paper

A

Special high gloss or matt with quick drying surfaces

Used for photos, presentation

26
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Board (card)

A

A more rigid surface that can be easily printed onto

Used for model making

27
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Cartonboard

A

Boards made from different materials with high quality printing possibilities
Used for packaging

28
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Mountboard

A

Thick coloured rigid board

Used for model making and high quality picture mounting

29
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Corrugated card

A

Strong and lightweight

Used for packaging protection and point of sale stands

30
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Foam Board

A

Composite board, with two layers of high quality card and a central layer of foam
Used for point of sale stands and presentation boards

31
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Spiral wound tubing

A

High strength and 3D printable surface

Used for packaging

32
Q

What are the three natural fibres

A

Cotton
Linen
Wool

33
Q

What are the three manmade fibres

A

Nylon
Polypropylene
Polyester

34
Q

What is a textile treatment

A

Flame resistant, polytetrafluoroethylene

35
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Cartonboard

A

Boards made from different materials with high quality printing possibilities
Used for packaging

36
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Mountboard

A

Thick coloured rigid board

Used for model making and high quality picture mounting

37
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Corrugated card

A

Strong and lightweight

Used for packaging protection and point of sale stands

38
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Foam Board

A

Composite board, with two layers of high quality card and a central layer of foam
Used for point of sale stands and presentation boards

39
Q

What is the advantages and uses of Spiral wound tubing

A

High strength and 3D printable surface

Used for packaging

40
Q

What are the three natural fibres

A

Cotton
Linen
Wool

41
Q

What are the three manmade fibres

A

Nylon
Polypropylene
Polyester

42
Q

What is a textile treatment

A

Flame resistant, polytetrafluoroethylene

43
Q

What is a Photo-Chromatic Paint

A

A paint when in contact with UV light (sunlight) changes colour

44
Q

What is Quantum Tunnelling Composites

A

QTC Changes its electrical resistance based on changes in applied force. The more force the less resistance. This allows for screens with different pressure sensitivities

45
Q

What are Smart Memory Alloys (SMA)

A

A material which reverts back to its original shape after its been deformed when a stimulus is applied. The stimulus depends on the alloy but could be heat or electricity

46
Q

What is Smart/Reactive Glass

A

A clear glass which when a electrical current is passed through turns highly tinted or opaque

Edexcel A level: Product Design (9 decks)

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