[1.2] History Flashcards
What century is the rise of public health
19th Century
What century is “The Great Sanitary Awakening”
19th Century
A London lawyer, one of the most recognized names in the sanitary reform movement who studies “General Report on the Sanitary COnditions”
Edwin Chadwick
What year is the Disease Control Phase
1880 - 1920
What year is the Health Promotion Phase
1920 - 1960
What year is the Social Engineering Phase
1960 - 1980
What year is the Health for All Phase
1980 - Onwards
Sanitary legislation and sanitary reforms
Disease Control Phase
Aimed at the control of man’s physical environment and not at the control of any specific disease
Disease Control Phase
Health promotion of individuals was added onto the goals where introduction of mother and child health services, industrial health services, mental health services, and rehabilitation services was introduced
Health Promotion Phase
Two great movement were initiated for human development:
a) Provision of basic health services through the mediu, of PHCs and sb-centers
b) Community development programme to premote village development through active participation of whole community.
Health Promotion Phase
Change in pattern of disease, new phase called ________, moved towards preventive and rehabilitative aspects of chronic disease and behavioral problems
Social Engineering Phase
Health gap between the rich and the poor, within and between countries
Health for All Phase
Includes reducing the inequalities within and between population so that individual will lead a socially and economically productive life
Health for All Phase
What century was the dramatic increase in average span of life is credited to public health achievement
20th century
Approach to Use:
What is the problem?
Surveillance
Approach to Use:
What is the cause?
Risk factor identification
Approach to Use:
What works?
Intervention evaluation
Approach to Use:
How do you do it?
Implementation
Is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice
Surveilance
An intestinal disease rampant during the early 1800s in London, commonly though to be caused by bad air from rotting organic matter
Cholera
Best known for his work tracing the source of the cholera outbreak
John Snow, Physician
Considered as the father of modern epidemiology
John Snow, Physician
What year was the Cholera Outbreak
1854
What is the source of the Cholera Outbreak
Broad Street Pump
(risk factor identification)
What year was the Greek and Roman civilization sanitation measures and practices
500 BCE
What year was the Black Death, though to be an epidemic of bubonic plague, a bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis
1346 - 1352
What year was the inoculation brought to Britain by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Early 1700s
Who brought inoculation in Britain
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
In 1798, a vaccination was made by ______, a Gloucestershire doctor who advocated the inoculation of cowpox pustules
Edward Jenner
In 1830, ______ was convinced that the main cause of illness was the dirty conditions that the poorest members of the society were living in
Edwin Chadwick
In 1848, the _______ stemmed from Chadwick research on the health concerns in London
Public Health Act of 1848
In 1854, _____ innovated several key epidemiologic methods that remain valid and in use today
John Snow
In 1854, _____ he mapped the disease pattern of cholera epidemic in London
John Snow
In 1807 - 1883, ______ a British physician, pioneered the quantitative study of morbidity and mortality, helping establish the field of medical statistics
William Farr
Synonymous to Morbidity
Disease Incidence
Synonymous to Mortality
Death
In 1870, ______ experiments led to the discovery of artificial immunity: rabies, anthrax and cholera
Louis Pasteur
The forerunner of the Modern Epidemiology
John Snow
He used data such as census reports to study occupational mortality in England
William Farr
He explored the possible linkage between mortality rates and population density
William Farr
He was recommended for the post of “Compiler of Abstracts” at the General Register Office of England and Wales which registered births, marriages, and deaths
William Farr
In 1843 - 1910, ______ a German physician who had verified that human disease was caused by a specific living disease
Robert Kotch
Most notable contribution: the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1882
Robert Kotch
Mycobacterium tuberculosis also known as
Die Aetiologie der Tuberkulose
Synonymous to Pandemic Influenza (1918)
Spanish Influenza
In 1928, ______ discovery of the antimicrobial properties of the mould Penicillium notatum, breakthrough to the development of the first antibiotic penicillin
Alexander Fleming
What year was the first polio vaccine known
1950
The first polio vaccine was developed by
Jonas Salk - IPV or Inactive poliovirus vaccine
The second polio vaccine was developed by
Albert Sabin - OPV or Oral poliovirus vaccine
What year was the surveillance and vaccination programmes against smallpox
1960
Hired by CDC and prevention as the first Epidemiologist
Alexander Langmuir (1949)
