Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection > 12. Hepatitis > Flashcards

12. Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does hepatitis cause liver damage?

A

Virus replicates specifically in hepatocytes and causes destruction of hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give an example of an infection that causes collateral liver damage

A

EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the transmission method of Hep B and incubation period?

A

Blood/sex/vertical

6 weeks - 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the transmission method and incubation period of Hep C?

A

Blood/sex/vertical

6-12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which strain of hepatitis is dsDNA, and enveloped?

A

Hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What strain of hepatitis is ssRNA and non-enveloped icosahedral?

A

Hep C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is bilirubin normally produced and excreted?

A

Digestion of RBCs in reticuloendothelial system turns haemoglobin into bilirubin.
Carried in blood stream to liver as bilirubin- albumin.
Bilirubin turned into conjugated bilirubin in the liver by UDP glucuronyl transferase.
Stored as bile.
Released into intestine, becomes urobilinogen, then urobilin stercobilin, then excreted in faeces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of jaundice occurs in hepatitis? What does this lead to?

A

Intrahepatic

Reduced ability of liver to metabolise and secrete bilirubin leads to build up of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 5 things do LFT’s measure?

A

Bilirubin
Liver transaminases eg alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartame aminotransferase (AST)
Alkaline phosphatase
Albumin
Tests of coagulation eg international normalised ration (INR) and prothrombin time (PT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wha would abnormal liver transaminases such as ALT and AST show?

A

Hepatocyte damage/cellular integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would an abnormal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) show?

A

Biliary tract cell damage/cholestasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is albumin?

A

A protein produced in the liver when liver function is damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why would you test coagulation when doings LFT’s?

A

Clotting factors are synthesised in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give 5 symptoms of acute Hep B

A 
Jaundice
Fatigue
Abdominal pain 
Anorexia/nausea/vomiting
Arthralgia (pain in a joint)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the 3 antigens present in Hep B infection, and the corresponding antibodies

A

HBsAg - HBsAb
HBeAg - HBeAb
HBcAg (not detectable in serology) - IgM in initial infection and IgG after initial infection

17
Q

What else can be measured in a Hep B serology other than antigen/antibodies?

A

HBV DNA (PCR) (viral load)

18
Q

What is the definition of chronic Hep B infection

A

Persistence of HBsAg after 6 months

19
Q

What two conditions can chronic Hep B infection lead to?

A

Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

20
Q

Why is there no cure for Hep B?

A

The virus integrates into the host genome

21
Q

What is the treatment for Hep B? Who is it not required for?

A

Life-long anti-viral to suppress viral replication.

Not required for ‘inactive carriers’, so have a low viral load, normal LFTs, no liver damage

22
Q

What does the Hep B vaccination contain?

A

Genetically engineered surface antigen

23
Q

What is more likely to result in chronic infection, Hep B or Hep C?

A

Hep C

24
Q

What can chronic liver disease/cirrhosis result in in patients with chronic Hep C?

A

Decompensated liver disease
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Need for a transplant
Death

25
Q

What vague symptoms may a patient with Hep C present with?

A

Fatigue
Anorexia
Nausea
RUQ abdominal pain

26
Q

What is the only antibody that can be treated for in serology for Hep C?

A

Anti-Hep C antibody

27
Q

Can a patient become reinfected with Hep C after being cleared?

A

Yes, anti-Hep C antibody is not protective, but does remain in the blood after clearance

28
Q

What can be used t confirm on-going/chronic Hep C infection?

A

Viral load - viral PCR

29
Q

What treatment s used to cure Hep C?

A

Directly acting antiviral drug combination, 8-12 weeks

Infection (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions