12: Development of self-regulation and executive functions

Question 1

Whats the importance of self regulation on the short term?

Answer 1

Those with high self regulation are characterized by better (mental) health and educational outcomes

Question 2

Whats the importance of self regulation on the long term?

Answer 2

Those with high SR in childhood are characterized by better (mental) health and educational outcomes in adolescence and adulthood

Question 3

What are posivite effects of HIGH self regulation?

Answer 3

• Social competency
• School engagement
• Academic performance
• Academic achievement
• Employment

Question 4

What are negative effects of LOW self regulation?

Answer 4

Peer victimization

• Externalizing problems
• Internalizing problems
• Obesity
• Cigarette smoking
• Alcohol and substance abuse
• Physical illness

Question 5

What is self regulation?

Answer 5

The ability to
flexibly activate, monitor, inhibit, persevere and/or adapt one’s
behavior, attention, emotions and cognitive strategies
in response to direction from internal cues, environmental stimuli and feedback from others,
in an attempt to attain personally-relevant goals.

AKA
flexibilty, monitoring, inhibiting, persevering and adapting of behavior. cognition and emotions. in response to internal and external cues to attain personally-relevant goals

Question 6

What can you say about SR and EF?

Answer 6

SR skills requires prefrontal cortex AKA EF

Simple idea: improve with age, so capacities improve with age

Question 7

Whats important to know about goals?

Answer 7

What is the goal? So you can know if actions are goal-directed or not

Question 8

Whats the extended framework on self regulation?

Answer 8

Motivation as a moderator
- Which is influenced by the environment
- By drawing attention to goals
& enhancing motivation to attain these goals.

Question 9

What is the main message of the Michaelson (2020) paper?

Answer 9

• Marshmallow test predicts a variety of behaviors later in life
• This effect is mainly explained by supportive environment
• So environment should be a targeted in interventions

Question 10

What are the implications of the findings, for theory and practice?

Answer 10

• Marshmellow test can be used to explain later life outcomes
• Supportive environment is important, interventions should focus on that