1.2 Databases

Question 1

Flat file

Answer 1

When data is organised in rows and columns with data values being repeated. It looks like a spreadsheet. It has no related files or tables.

Question 2

Field

Answer 2

The smallest single piece of data in a file.

Question 3

Data types

Answer 3

• Numeric
• Text
• Alphanumeric
• Boolean
• Date
• Currency

Question 4

Record

Answer 4

A unit of data which is made up of many fields.

Question 5

Mask

Answer 5

When data must be entered in a specific way.

Question 6

Validation

Answer 6

A way of ensuring that data entered is correct. Eg:
• Field length check
• Range check
• List check 
• Presence check

Question 7

Key field

Answer 7

A value which uniquely identifies each record in the table.

Question 8

Relational database

Answer 8

It holds information in files or tables which are linked together using relationships between fields.

Question 9

Redundancy

Answer 9

When data is repeated.

Question 10

Relationships

Answer 10

Links that have been made between 2 tables, made using fields that are contained within both tables.

Question 11

Form

Answer 11

This is used to capture data onscreen. It should include:
• A suitable title and logo (if appropriate)
• A prompt representing each item of data to be collected
• A suitable space to enter each item of data
• Suitable instructions and purpose of form
• A suitable font, varying in size for emphasis on headings, etc
• Colours and images to enhance the form.

Question 12

Query

Answer 12

A facility allowing the user to search for specific information that fulfils given criteria.

Question 13

Report

Answer 13

This can be generated using the data in tables or the results of a query. It can be grouped or sorted in different ways to meet the user’s requirements.