1.2 Components of a computer system

Question 1

1.2.1

Define hardware

Answer 1

Any physical components of a computer (e.g. CPU, mouse, monitor).

Question 2

1.2.1

Define software

Answer 2

The collection of programs and instructions that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks and functions.

Question 3

1.2.1

Define peripheral

Answer 3

The devices attached to a computer that provides additional functionality, such as input, output, or storage capabilities. (e.g. keyboards, mouse, printer, headphones).

Question 4

1.2.1

Define network

Answer 4

A network is a group of interconnected computers and devices that can communicate and share resources, typically over a communication medium like the radio waves or fibre optic cable.

Question 5

1.2.1

Define human resources

Answer 5

Personnel within an organization responsible for managing and supporting the computer systems (e.g. IT support, network administration, system maintenance).

Question 6

1.2.1

Describe the role of clients in networks

Answer 6

A computer accessing resources and data hosted by another computer, typically the server.

Question 7

1.2.2

Describe the role of servers in networks

Answer 7

A computer system which manages data and resources for clients. These clients can request these resources and services (e.g. printing, storing documents, hosting websites).

Question 8

1.2.2

Describe the role of DNS servers in networks

Answer 8

A Domain Name System (DNS) server is a special type of server that maps domain names to their corresponding IP addresses.

Question 9

1.2.2

Describe the role of firewalls in networks

Answer 9

A device or software package which monitors and protects the network traffic of a computer or computer network. It decides which data gets access to the network or computer based on a set of rules.

Question 10

1.2.3

Discuss the social and ethical issues associated with a networked world

Answer 10

• Loss of jobs from technological advancements
• Increasing lack of privacy as more and more of users’ data is monitored on the internet.
• Data security is a rising issue as more personal information is stored on the internet. Cyberattacks, data breaches, and hacking incidents can have widespread social implications, including identity theft, financial fraud, and emotional distress.
• Certain information may be censored on the internet because it is deemed inappropriate. Is it ethical to censor what users can see?
• Online harassment and bullying
• Digital divide: Not all individuals or communities have equal access to digital resources and technology, creating disparities in education, job opportunities, and access to essential services.