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Bioleg > 1.2 Cell Structure and Organisation > Flashcards

1.2 Cell Structure and Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryote - Animal Cell

A

Contains a nucleus
Organelle - A specialised structure with a specific function inside a cell

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA which codes for protein synthesis

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3
Q

Nucleolus

A

Produces rRNA/ ribosomes

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4
Q

Nuclear envelope/ membrane

A

Separates the DNA from the rest of the cell

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5
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Contains chromatin. This condenses to form chromosomes during cell division

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6
Q

Nuclear Pore

A

Movement of mRNA/ ribosomes OUT of nucleus

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7
Q

Mitochondria

A

ATP synthesis/ Aerobic respiration

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8
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Protein synthesis and transport
Ribosomes
Parallel double membrane

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9
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Lipid Synthesis
NO ribosomes
Membranes NOT parallel

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

Smaller in prokaryotic cells (70s)
In cytoplasm and attached to RER
Produced in nucleolus from rRNA and protein
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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11
Q

Golgi Body

A

Packaging and modification of protein
Secreting carbohydrates
Produces glycoproteins
Produces lysosomes that contain digestive enzymes
Produces secretory enzymes

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12
Q

Lysosomes

A

Made at the Golgi Body
Small vacuoles
Contain digestive enzymes
Destroys worn out organelles
Autolysis

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13
Q

Centrioles

A

Only in animal cells
Located at the nucleus in an area called the centrosomes
The divide during cell division and move to the poles where they synthesise spindle fibers

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14
Q

Cell Membranes

A

Transport system
Large surface area

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15
Q

Chloroplast

A

Photosynthesis
Chlorophyl
Palisade cell

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16
Q

Cell Wall

A

Only in plat cell
Transport
Mechanical strength
Communication between cells
OSMOSIS - don’t burst

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17
Q

Vacuole

A

Plant cell
Cell sap - glucose, amino acids, minerals and pigments

18
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Gap in-between cells

19
Q

Prokaryotic (contains)

A

Loose DNA in cytoplasm
Peptidoglycan (murein)
70 ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

20
Q

Prokaryotic - definition

A

single celled organism lacking membrane - bound organelles, such as a nucleus with DNA free in the cytoplasm - not as chromosomes

21
Q

Viruses

A

No Nucleus, no cytoplasm, no chromosomes
Can reproduce inside host cells

22
Q

Organ

A

A group of tissues in a structural unit, working together a perform a specific function

23
Q

Tissue function

A

Line organs
Sit on a basement membrane

24
Q

3 types of tissues

A
  1. Simple Squamous
  2. Simple Cuboidal
  3. Simple Columnar
25
Q

Simple Squamous

A

Alveoli
Short diffusion pathway

26
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Kidney tubules
one cell thick - diffusion pathway

27
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Trachea - traps dust
Fallopian tubes - moves the egg along
Long and thin

28
Q

Connective tissue

A

Suports, connects or separates tissue and organs

29
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A
  1. Smooth muscle tissue
  2. Cardiac muscle tissue
  3. Skeletal muscle tissue
30
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

System ysgarthu
Involuntary control

31
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Heart
Involuntary control

32
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Muscles e.g arm, leg
Voluntary control

33
Q

Differences between animal and plant cell

A
  • Cell wall in plant not animal
  • Chloroplasts in plant not animal
  • Plasmodesmata in plant not animal
  • Vacuole in plant not permanent in animal
  • centrioles in animal not plant
  • animal energy storage is glycogen and plants energy storage is starch
  • animal and plant size 30um
34
Q

Explain and link the organelles

A
  • Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus and then take their place on the RER
  • mRNA leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores and attaches to ribosomes ready for protein synthesis
  • protein synthesis takes place on ribosomes
  • polypeptides are carried in vesicles to the Golgi body where they are packaged and processed
  • they are packaged into vesicles and carried to the cell membrane
35
Q

Cell theory

A
  1. all organisms are made of 1 or more cells
  2. cells are the basic building blocks of life
  3. all cells come from existing cells
    1 and 2 from tieldore shwan
    3 from rudolf virchow
36
Q

Define organsim

A

An individual animal, plant or single celled life form

37
Q

Define organ system

A

Group of organs that work together

38
Q

Define organ

A

A collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit

39
Q

Define tissue

A

A group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function

40
Q

Define cell

A

The smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissue of the body

Bioleg (8 decks)

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