1.2 Cell Structure and Organisation

Question 1

Eukaryote - Animal Cell

Answer 1

Contains a nucleus
Organelle - A specialised structure with a specific function inside a cell

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Contains DNA which codes for protein synthesis

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

Produces rRNA/ ribosomes

Question 4

Nuclear envelope/ membrane

Answer 4

Separates the DNA from the rest of the cell

Question 5

Nucleoplasm

Answer 5

Contains chromatin. This condenses to form chromosomes during cell division

Question 6

Nuclear Pore

Answer 6

Movement of mRNA/ ribosomes OUT of nucleus

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

ATP synthesis/ Aerobic respiration

Question 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

Protein synthesis and transport
Ribosomes
Parallel double membrane

Question 9

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Lipid Synthesis
NO ribosomes
Membranes NOT parallel

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Smaller in prokaryotic cells (70s)
In cytoplasm and attached to RER
Produced in nucleolus from rRNA and protein
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 11

Golgi Body

Answer 11

Packaging and modification of protein
Secreting carbohydrates
Produces glycoproteins
Produces lysosomes that contain digestive enzymes
Produces secretory enzymes

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

Made at the Golgi Body
Small vacuoles
Contain digestive enzymes
Destroys worn out organelles
Autolysis

Question 13

Centrioles

Answer 13

Only in animal cells
Located at the nucleus in an area called the centrosomes
The divide during cell division and move to the poles where they synthesise spindle fibers

Question 14

Cell Membranes

Answer 14

Transport system
Large surface area

Question 15

Chloroplast

Answer 15

Photosynthesis
Chlorophyl
Palisade cell

Question 16

Cell Wall

Answer 16

Only in plat cell
Transport
Mechanical strength
Communication between cells
OSMOSIS - don’t burst

Question 17

Vacuole

Answer 17

Plant cell
Cell sap - glucose, amino acids, minerals and pigments

Question 18

Plasmodesmata

Answer 18

Gap in-between cells

Question 19

Prokaryotic (contains)

Answer 19

Loose DNA in cytoplasm
Peptidoglycan (murein)
70 ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

Question 20

Prokaryotic - definition

Answer 20

single celled organism lacking membrane - bound organelles, such as a nucleus with DNA free in the cytoplasm - not as chromosomes

Question 21

Viruses

Answer 21

No Nucleus, no cytoplasm, no chromosomes
Can reproduce inside host cells

Question 22

Organ

Answer 22

A group of tissues in a structural unit, working together a perform a specific function

Question 23

Tissue function

Answer 23

Line organs
Sit on a basement membrane

Question 24

3 types of tissues

Answer 24

1. Simple Squamous
2. Simple Cuboidal
3. Simple Columnar

Question 25

Simple Squamous

Answer 25

Alveoli
Short diffusion pathway

Question 26

Simple Cuboidal

Answer 26

Kidney tubules
one cell thick - diffusion pathway

Question 27

Simple Columnar

Answer 27

Trachea - traps dust
Fallopian tubes - moves the egg along
Long and thin

Question 28

Connective tissue

Answer 28

Suports, connects or separates tissue and organs

Question 29

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 29

1. Smooth muscle tissue
2. Cardiac muscle tissue
3. Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 30

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 30

System ysgarthu
Involuntary control

Question 31

Cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 31

Heart
Involuntary control

Question 32

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 32

Muscles e.g arm, leg
Voluntary control