Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 121 > 12 Cell Cycle > Flashcards

12 Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Mitosis

A

“thread,” chromosomes condense into compact structures that can be moved around the cell efficiently then one copy of each chromosome is distributed to each of two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chromosome

A

“coloured body,” thread-like structures consisting of a single long DNA double helix wrapped around proteins called histones in a highly organized manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gene

A

a region of DNA in a chromosome that codes for a particular protein or ribonucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Centromeres

A

DNA region that functions as a handle on a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

M phase (Mitotic or Meiotic)

A

Cells are in the process of separating their chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interphase

A

Cells are either growing and preparing to divide or fulfilling its specialized function in a multicellular individual; Chromosomes are loosely dispersed in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does DNA replication occur?

A

S (Synthesis) phase in the Interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell Cycle

A

Orderly sequence of events that leads a eukaryotic cell through the duplication of its chromosomes to the time it divides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in gaps 1 and 2 in the cell cycle?

A

Cells grow and replicate organelles so it will be able to divide into two cells that can function normally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chromatins

A

DNA-protein (histone protein) complex which form chromosomes within an interphase nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cohesins

A

Large number of protein rings at the centromeres that hold sister chromatids together until a signal is given and they become independent chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Kinectochores

A

site where microtubules (in the cytosol) connect to chromosomes by forming an interface between chromosomes and inside of nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Condensins

A

ring-shaped proteins along the length of chromosomes that compact them for mitosis; encircles DNA and stabilizes loops in the same piece of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 5 proteins does DNA work with in mitosis?

A

cohesins, microtubules, kinetochore, nuclear lamins, condensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 5 subphases within M phase?

A

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Centrosomes

A

located in animal and fungal cells, microtubule-organizing centres or large protein complexes that contain small bundles of microtubules known as centrioles

17
Q

Prophase

A

When chromosomes condense into compact structures, marked by the formation of spindle apparatus

18
Q

Spindle apparatus

A

Consists of distinct populations of microtubules anchored at their base to a centrosome (in an animal cell) or NEDD1 complex (in a plant cell)

19
Q

What does a spindle apparatus do?

A

Produces mechanical forces that (1) pull chromosomes to the poles of the cell during mitosis and (2) push the poles of the cell away from each other

20
Q

Types of spindle apparatus

A

polar, kinetochore, astral

21
Q

Polar microtubules

A

extend outwards and overlap with other polar microtubules attached to the opposite MTOC

22
Q

Kinetochore microtubules

A

proteins at the centromeres that hold the DNA and microtubules together

23
Q

Astral microtubules

A

found only in animal cells and connect the centrosome to proteins on the inner surface of the plasma membrane

24
Q

Prometaphase

A

Nuclear envelope begins to disappear and chromosomes move to the middle of the cell after kinetochores attach to microtubules

25
Q

Metaphase

A

chromosomes are lined up along an imaginary plane between the two spindle poles called the metaphase plate and formation of spindle apparatus is complete; tug of war occurs between sister chromatids

26
Q

Anaphase

A

cohesins holding sister chromatids together split into two identical sets of daughter chromosomes to opposite poles

27
Q

Telophase

A

nuclear envelope that dissolved in prometaphase reforms around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes begin to de-condense; 2 independent nuclei forms

28
Q

Sister chromatids

A

2 identical pieces of DNA (same alleles) held together by a centromere which are found in a chromosome after DNA replication

29
Q

Microtubules

A

proteins with many functions like moving chromosomes during mitosis

30
Q

Nuclear lamins

A

intermediate filaments on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope that hold the nucleus together during interphase

31
Q

NEDD1 complexes

A

microtubule-organizing centres used in plant cells during mitosis

32
Q

Locus (plural: loci)

A

location of a gene on a chromosome

33
Q

Genotype

A

combo of alleles for all genes of interest

34
Q

Cytokinesis

A

cytoplasm of the parental cell is divided into two daughter cells each with its own nucleus and set of organelles

BIOL 121 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions