1.2: Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
What makes up maltose?
A
glucose + glucose
2
Q
What makes up sucrose?
A
glucose and fructose
2
Q
What makes up lactose?
A
glucose + galactose
2
Q
Draw alpha glucose
A
3
Q
Draw beta glucose
A
4
Q
What bond joins disaccharides?
A
glycosidic bond
5
Q
Where is starch found?
A
Plants
6
Q
What are two types of starch
A
Amylose and amylopectin
6
Q
What is the structure of amylose? (4)
A
- Carbon 1:4 glycosidic bond
- long and linear/straight chains
- alpha glucose
- coils into a helix
7
Q
What is the structure of amylopectin? (3)
A
- 1:4 and 1:6 carbon glycosidic bonds
- Branched chain
- Alpha glucose
8
Q
where is glycogen found?
A
muscle and liver cells in animals
9
Q
What are the functions of amylose? (3)
A
- structure is helical so compact and good for storage
- Insoluble so doesn’t affect water potential
- Large so doesn’t diffuse out off cells
10
Q
What is the structure of glycogen? (3)
A
- More highly branched
- Shorter chains
- Carbon 1:4 and 1:6 glycosidic bonds
11
Q
What is the function of amylopectin? (4)
A
- Large surface area for rapid hydrolysis by enzymes to release glucose for respiration
- Insoluble so doesn’t affect water potential
- Large so doesn’t diffuse out of cells
12
Q
What is the function of glycogen? (4)
A
- Large surface area for rapid hydrolysis by enzymes to release glucose for respiration
- Insoluble so doesn’t affect water potential
- Large so doesn’t diffuse out of cells
