1.2 Basic Idea about Atoms (re) Flashcards
Show alpha emission towards an element?
Well it changes to an entirely new element
Atomic mass is minused by 4
Atomic number is minused by 2
The alpha particle produced = 4, 2 He^2+
Show beta emission towards an element?
Ig they all change to an entirely new element
Atomic mass stays the same however
Atomic number increased by 1 cuz
Beta particle is an electron = B-
A neutron in the nucleus turns into a proton and an electron. The proton stays inside the nucleus while the electron is ejected out.
^ in the test ig and we gon need a real good explanation…
Explain positron emission
aka beta plus decay
(when proton inside nucleus = neutron + positron <- positive electron)
Electron neutrino also emitted
e.g.
23,12Mg –> 23,11Na + 0,+1e + 0,0v <– greek edition
Explain electron capture
- Nucleus absorbs inner-shell electron
- Electron + proton = neutron
- Electron neutrino emitted
- Inner shell electron vacancy replaced by electron from outer shell
- Excess energy of falling electron sometimes emitted as X-ray
- This is auger emission
- Sometimes excess energy of falling electron carried away by outer electron being emitted
- Daughter isotope produced will then form as positive ion
or just look at page 5….
e.g.
81,36Kr + 0,-1e -> 81,35Br + 0,0v <– greek edition
Where will alpha go in that magnetic field
Down (-ve) Cuz it got 2+ charge but Mr of 4 = weakly deflected
Where will beta go in that magnetic field
Up (+ve) Cuz it got -1 charge + small mass = strongly deflected
Where will gamma go in that magnetic field
No deflection = no mass/charge
What stops alpha?
Sheet of paper
What stops beta?
Few mm of aluminium
What stops gamma?
Few cm of lead
Simple term of half life
Time taken for something to half its quantity
Look at page 8 onwards for half life related shit
Okay
Explain effects of radiation towards atoms simply
It shall ionise atoms = dmg DNA and cause mutations, cancer or leukaemia
Explain effects of radiation towards atoms complexingly?
(3 steps)
- Ionizing radiation enough energy to remove electrons
- From atoms that make up the tissues n stuff
- Breaks chemical bonds
Ima stick with that
Explain Radio-Carbon Dating
Carbon-14 dating used to determine age of certain stuff.
Has half life of 5700 years
Doesn’t decay easily so ye ig?
Whats so interesting about gamma
Many medical uses I cba to explain but u can look at page 13 and onwards
Whats nuclear charge?
Number of protons?
but it’s also how strong their attractive force is between electrons
If nuclear charge increases, i.e will?
Ionisation energy increases
What may usually control i.e
The distance of an electron from the nucleus
Explain electron shielding
(hows it work???)
When first electron in shell is more further away from nucleus
Cuz more protection from nuclear charge by inner electron shells
If electron shell further away from nucleus, i.e will?
Become smaller
Definition of electron shielding?
The repulsion between electrons in different shells.
If shielding increases, effective nuclear charge ??? & I.E ????
They both decrease
If nuclear charge increase and shielding the same, I.E ???
Increases
Which way on the periodic table shows increase in shielding?
Down the group
Which way on periodic table shows increase in nuclear charge?
The right of period
If u want, look at page 18 cuz it looks kinda freebie
Sure
What affects atomic radii in periodic table?
- Greatly increases down the group
- Decreases across the period
Define successive ionisation energies
Measure of energy needed to remove each electron in turn
Until all electrons removed from an atom
Why more energy to remove second electron from positive ion?
Cuz greater effective nuclear charges as each electron removed.
How to write 2nd ionisation energy equation for Mg?
Mg+ -> Mg2+ + e-
In an orbital, 2 electrons spin in?
Opposite directions
What does the S-orbital look like?
A circle
What does Px-orbital look like?
Infinity symbol
What does Py-orbital look like?
Peanut
What does Pz-orbital look like?
Hourglass diagonal
What order of the orbitals for elemental configuration?
1s
2s
2p
3s
3p
4s
Complex part?
3d
4p
Max electrons in 1 s-orbital?
2
Max electrons in 3 p-orbitals?
6
Max electrons in 5 d-orbitals?
10
What’s also the other method of writing electronic configuration?
Letter edition?
e.g.
For [Ne]:
1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6
There’s also another additional thing for noble gases only but idk risk for the bisc
^ wow that was so few weeks ago
^ wow that was so last year
Just to state u might’ve lost marks for the in-depth detail of electronic configuration
Yeah… ig u right
…. IS WHAT LAST YEAR ME WOULD’VE SAID
Explain emission spectrum for da electronic movement
From excited state to n=2/balmer series
Explain absorption spectrum for da electronic movement
Electron promoted to excited state from n=2/Balmer series
I’d probably just keep the booklet on page 34 cuz we reached a new level of studying
Is it worth being concerned or nah
i mean fr, is it worth being concerned or nah?
What energy level do electrons in visible spectrum all fall back to?
n=2 AKA BALMER SERIES
Page 35 and onwards, lets continue the experimentation of studying
(why did i say that)
alright!
(u know it was like a kinda important thing actually i think i might do flashcards for them ones idk hopefulkly i do)
How would u get the energy in Kj/Mol^-1 from the spectrum?
C = wavelength x f (gain frequency, rearrange)
E = hf (Gain the energy but it’s not in kJ so!)
Molar = E x Avogadro’s constant (it’s just gotta be smooth sailing)
If it’s in nm, how to get normal measurement or something like that?
Well nanometre appears to be 10^-9 soooo ye
if it’s 505nm
the real normal measurement is:
505 x 10^-9
