12/9/2015 Spinal Questions Flashcards
What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?
Costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process
What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1?
Anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar
What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?
Rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarii muscles
What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?
Rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior
What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called?
Myodural bridges
What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?
The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas
What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?
The retrotransverse foramen
What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?
The vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck
Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?
Lateral bridges
What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1?
Vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?
Male: 78 mm
Females: 72 mm
What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?
A little over 30mm for both males and females
What joint classifications are observed at C1?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint, synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint, Synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
How many synovial joints surfaces are observed at C1?
Five
What names are given to C2?
Axis or epistropheus