12-6: The Brain - functional areas of the cerebral cortex Flashcards
Damage to the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe may result in: __.
parasthesia of opposite side
Damage to the medial surface of the occipital lobe may result in ___.
blindness
Damage to the areas surrounding the medial surface (primary visual cortex) in the occipital lobe may result in ___.
being able to see, but not recognize (difficulty with visual association)
Damage to the temporal lobe near the lateral sulcus may result in ___.
deafness
Damage to Wernicke’s area may result in ___.
difficulty translating spoken words into thoughts
Damage to the deep insular lobe may result in ___.
inability to taste
Damage to the medial surface of the temporal lobe may result in ___.
inability to smell
Damage to the pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe may result in ___.
paralysis on the opposite side
Damage to Broca’s area may result in ___.
aphasia
sensory areas
interpret sensory input - conscious awareness of sensations
motor areas
all in frontal lobe, initiate voluntary movement
primary somatosensory cortex
located in the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe
receives sensory input from specific skin and muscle regions
damage: parasthesia
sensory homunculus
entire body is mapped out on the primary somatosensory cortex, enabling you to identify the region of your body that is being stimulated. Biggest areas - most sensitive areas of skin (eg. lips)
The right hemisphere receives input from the __ side of the body, and vice versa.
left
somatosensory association cortex
stores memories of somatosensory (touch) experiences
primary visual cortex
located on medial surface of occipital lobe
recieves sensory input from the eyes and interprets shape, color, and movement
damage: blindness
visual association area
surrounds the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe
relates present to past visual experiences (stores visual memories - evaluate what is seen)
damage: still see, but don’t recognize
primary auditory cortex
located in temporal lobe near lateral sulcus
receives sensory input from ears and interprets pitch, volume and rhythem of sound
damage: deafness
auditory association area
below the primary auditory cortex in temporal lobe
stores voice prints, tunes and other auditory patterns (auditory memories - recognize sounds you learned)
Wernicke’s Area
translates spoken words into thoughts (understand the words you hear) - in the auditory association area in the left hemisphere
gustatory cortex
located deep in insular lobe
interprets taste
olfactory cortex
located on medial surface of temporal lobe
interprets smell
primary motor cortex
located in the pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe
gives conscious control of skeletal muscles
contralateral control - left motor cortex controls right side of body
damage: paralysis
motor homunculus
entire body is mapped out on the primary motor cortex of each hemisphere; muscles needing fine control receive the largest area of cortex
premotor cortex
anterior to the primary motor cortex
controls learned motor skills of a patterned nature (playing an instrument, typing, etc)
Broca’s Area
located just above the lateral sulcus, usually in the left hemisphere
translates thoughts into speech
damage: aphasia
frontal eye field
controls voluntary movement of eyes
lateralization of cortical function
left is dominant for language, math, logic and the right controls insight, imagination, poetry, art and music > for 90% of people
