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Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb > 12/6 Ankle + Foot > Flashcards

12/6 Ankle + Foot Flashcards

1
Q

what ligaments make up the inferior tibiofibular joint?

A

anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

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2
Q

what do the inferior tibiofibular ligaments do?

A

hold the malleoli of the tibia and fibula together to create a socket for the talocrural articulation

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3
Q

what does the talus do?

A

receives weight of the body directly from the tibia
transmits weight to the rest of the foot via ligaments

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4
Q

what muscle compartment does dorsiflexion of the ankle

A

anterior compartment of the leg

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5
Q

what muscle compartment does plantar flexion of the ankle

A

posterior and lateral compartments of the leg

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6
Q

what is the action that all muscles with tendons that cross anterior to the malleoli do?

A

dorsiflexion

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7
Q

what is the action that all muscles with tendons that cross posterior to the malleoli do?

A

plantarflexion

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8
Q

where is the joint capsule of the ankle thin? where is it strengthened?

A

thin anteriorly and posteriorly, strengthened medially and laterally

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9
Q

how is the joint capsule of the ankle strengthened medially and laterally?

A

via collateral ligaments

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10
Q

three ligaments that contribute to the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle

A

anterior talofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament

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11
Q

four parts of the medial collateral ligament of the ankle

A

tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar

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12
Q

how is the medial collateral ligament of the ankle clinically approached?

A

as one ligament despite having four parts

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13
Q

subtalar joint is made of what, generally?

A

articulation of the talus and calcaneus

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14
Q

what specifically articulates in the subtalar joint?

A

posterior calcaneal facet of talus with posterior talar facet of calcaneus

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15
Q

what actions occur at the subtalar and transverse tarsal joint?

A

inversion and eversion of the ankle

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16
Q

what two joints make up the transverse tarsal joint?

A

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint

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17
Q

skin of the dorsal surface of the foot is

A

thin with loose subcutaneous tissue (lots of edema when injured)

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18
Q

skin of the plantar surface of the foot is

A

thick with highly developed skin ligaments with fat-filled shock-absorbing pads

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19
Q

deep fascia of the foot, dorsal surface is

A

thin and continuous with the inferior extensor retinaculum

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20
Q

deep fascia of the foot, plantar surface is

A

made up of fascia and aponeurosis (centrally the thickest)

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21
Q

where does the plantar fascia originate from

A

calcaneus posteriorly

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22
Q

where does the plantar fascia extend to

A

superficial transverse metatarsal ligament anteriorly, with continuation onto the 5 fibrous digital sheaths

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23
Q

what are the first layer foot muscles?

A

abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

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24
Q

what innervates the first layer foot muscles? what is the exception?

A

medial plantar nerve (from tibial nerve)
abductor digiti minimi is innervated by lateral plantar nerve

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25
Q

what are the second layer foot muscles?

A

quadratus plantae, lumbricals

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26
Q

what innervates the second layer foot muscles? what is the exception?

A

lateral plantar nerve (from tibial nerve)
medial 1 lumbrical is innervated by medial plantar nerve

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27
Q

what does quadratus plantae do

A

inserts on flexor digitorum longus to assist FDL in flexion of the lateral 4 digits and insures there is no medial deviation

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28
Q

where do the lumbricals arise from

A

off of flexor digitorum longus and inserts on the dorsal side of phalanyx

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29
Q

what are the third layer foot muscles?

A

flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis

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30
Q

flexor hallucis brevis innervation

A

medial plantar nerve

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31
Q

adductor hallucis innervation

A

deep lateral plantar nerve

32
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation

A

superficial lateral plantar nerve

33
Q

what are the fourth layer foot muscles?

A

plantar interossei (3) and dorsal interossei (4)

34
Q

what innervates the fourth layer foot muscles?

A

lateral plantar nerve

35
Q

what are the muscles of the dorsal aspect of the foot?

A

extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis

36
Q

what innervates the muscles of the dorsal aspect of the foot?

A

deep fibular nerve from common fibular

37
Q

what do tendons of extensor digitorum brevis blend with

A

tendons of extensor digitorum longus

38
Q

all muscles of the plantar surface of the foot were innervated by a division of what nerve

A

tibial

39
Q

three ligaments of the foot? what are they important for?

A

long plantar, short plantar, and spring
important for maintaining foot arches

40
Q

long and short plantar ligaments can be found where?

A

lateral plantar surface

41
Q

long plantar ligament extends from what to what?

A

calcaneus to cuboid, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

42
Q

what does the long plantar ligament form a tunnel for?

A

fibularis longus tendon

43
Q

short plantar ligament extends from what to what?

A

inferior surface of calcaneus to cuboid

44
Q

short plantar ligament belongs solely to

A

calcaneocuboid joint

45
Q

spring ligament can be found where?

A

medial plantar surface

46
Q

spring ligament extends from what to what?

A

sustentaculum tali of calcaneous to posterior inferior surface of navicular bone

47
Q

what does spring ligament do?

A

supports head of talus

48
Q

where is spring ligament in relation to tendon of tibialis posterior muscle

A

deep to tendon of TP

49
Q

function of foot arches

A

provide room for plantar muscles, vessels, and nerves
shock absorbers
distribute weight
help keep foot stable during gait

50
Q

three arches of the foot

A

transverse, medial, lateral

51
Q

which arch is most shallow

A

lateral

52
Q

what travels through the tarsal tunnel, from anterior to posterior?

A

tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, posterior tibial artery/vein, tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus tendon

53
Q

trick for remembering what travels through tarsal tunnel

A

Tom, Dick, AN Harry
(only works at the level of medial malleolus)

54
Q

the ability to maintain foot arches occurs via

A

passive and dynamic structures

55
Q

passive component of arch maintenance

A

plantar aponeurosis, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, spring ligament

56
Q

what does passive arch maintenance rely on?

A

the shape of the bones of the foot and the dense connective tissue

57
Q

what does dynamic arch support rely on?

A

active and tonic muscular contraction

58
Q

dynamic component of both longitudinal and transverse arch maintenance

A

bracing action of intrinsic muscles of the foot

59
Q

dynamic component specific to longitudinal arches

A

tibialis anterior and posterior, fibularis longus, flexor hallucis and digitorum longus

60
Q

dynamic component specific to transverse arch

A

tibialis posterior and fibularis longus

61
Q

arterial supply of the foot comes generally from what?

A

terminal branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries

62
Q

terminal branches of anterior tibial artery

A

dorsalis pedis a –> lateral tarsal a and arcuate a –> dorsal metatarsal and digital a

63
Q

terminal branches of posterior tibial artery

A

medial plantar a (to hallux)
lateral plantar a –> deep plantar arch –> plantar metatarsal and digital a

64
Q

deep venous drainage of the leg and foot

A

runs with and shares arterial nomenclature

65
Q

deep lymphatic drainage of the leg and foot

A

lymph –> popliteal nodes –> deep inguinal nodes

66
Q

superficial venous drainage

A

medial marginal v –>great saphenous v –> femoral v
OR
lateral marginal v –> small saphenous v –> popliteal v

67
Q

superficial lymphatic drainage

A

medially, lymph –> superficial inguinal lymph nodes
laterally, lymph –> popliteal lymph nodes –> deep inguinal lymph nodes

68
Q

lymphatic drainage from inguinal lymph nodes goes to

A

iliolumbar nodes –> iliolumbar trunks –> cisterna chyli –> thoracic duct

69
Q

cutaneous innervation of the foot, saphenous nerve

A

medial foot to 1st metatarsal

70
Q

cutaneous innervation of the foot, superficial fibular nerve

A

dorsum of foot and majority of digits

71
Q

cutaneous innervation of the foot, deep fibular nerve

A

dorsal adjoining sides of digits 1&2

72
Q

cutaneous innervation of the foot, medial plantar nerve

A

medial sole of foot of digits 1-3 & 1/2 of 4

73
Q

cutaneous innervation of the foot, lateral plantar nerve

A

lateral sole of foot of digits 5 & 1/2 of 4

74
Q

cutaneous innervation of the foot, sural nerve

A

lateral hind foot and midfoot

75
Q

cutaneous innervation of the foot, calcaneal branches

A

heel

Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb (12 decks)

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