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Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb > 11/27 Gluteal Region, Hip, And Thigh > Flashcards

11/27 Gluteal Region, Hip, And Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

A

A

Posterior sacro-iliac ligament

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2
Q

B

A

Sacrospinous ligament

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3
Q

C

A

Obturator membrane

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4
Q

D

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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5
Q

A

A

Iliofemoral (Y) ligament

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6
Q

B

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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7
Q

C

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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8
Q

D

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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9
Q

E

A

Ligament of femoral head

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10
Q

F

A

Acetabuluar labrum

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11
Q

G

A

Obturator artery in obturator membrane from femoral artery
Degenerates into adulthood

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12
Q

Where is the angle of inclination of the femur?

A

between the femoral neck and the femoral shaft

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13
Q

What does the angle of inclination of the femur cause?

A

Places the knee inferior to the trunk

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14
Q

What is valga?

A

Oblique displacement away from midline

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15
Q

What is vara?

A

Oblique displacement toward midline

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16
Q

What are coxa valga vs coxa vara changes a result of?

A

Acquired, gender difference, congenital factors

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17
Q

What movement does the gluteus maximus muscle perform?

A

extension and lateral rotation of the hip, rising from seated position

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18
Q

What innervates the gluteus maximus muscle? What nerve roots does this comprise?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

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19
Q

What are the superficial/lateral gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae lateae

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20
Q

What movements does the gluteus medius muscle, gluteus minimus muscle, and tensor fasciae latae muscle perform?

A

Abduction and medial rotation of the hip

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21
Q

What is the innervation to the gluteus medius muscle, gluteus minimus muscle, and tensor fasciae latae muscle? Which nerve roots does this comprise?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

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22
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Piriformis, obturator internus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris

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23
Q

What movements do the deep gluteal muscles perform?

A

Laterally rotate hip, stabilization of femoral head

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24
Q

What nerve innervates the piriformis muscle?

A

Anterior rami of S1-S2

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25
Q

What nerve innervates the superior gemellus muscle? What nerve roots does this comprise?

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)

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26
Q

What nerve innervates the quadratus femoris muscle? What nerve roots does this comprise?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)

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27
Q

What is piriformis syndrome

A

Pain in the buttocks from compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle

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28
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve usually emerge? Where is this typically in relation to the piriformis muscle?

A

usually emerges from the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis

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29
Q

What is the fascia lata?

A

strong (non- yielding) fascia in the lower limb

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30
Q

What does the fascia lata form?

A

dense layer of connective tissue between the subcutaneous tissue and muscles

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31
Q

What does the fascia lata attach to?

A

Bone

32
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

thickening of the fascia lata via the conjoint aponeurosis

33
Q

What is the iliotibial tract a conjoint aponeurosis of?

A

Tensor fascia lata muscle
Gluteus maximus musle

34
Q

What is the fascia lata continuous with the leg inferiorly?

A

Crural fascia

35
Q

What does the crural fascia assist with?

A

Deep venous return

36
Q

What are the 3 functional compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, medial, posterior

37
Q

What does the anterior compartment of the thigh generally house?

A

Flexors of the hip
Extensors of the knee

38
Q

What does the medial compartment of the thigh generally house?

A

Adductors of the hip

39
Q

What does the posterior compartment of the thigh generally house?

A

Extensors of the hip
Flexors of the knee

40
Q

What muscles does the anterior compartment of the thigh house?

A

Pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius)

41
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the thigh? What is the exception?

A

Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas - anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3)

42
Q

What does the pectineus muscle do?

A

transitional muscle of ant. & med. compartments of the thigh
Flex & Adduct hip

43
Q

What does the iliopsoas muscle do?

A

main flexor of hip

44
Q

What does the sartorius muscle do?

A

Flex and laterally rotate hip, flex knee

45
Q

What does the quadriceps femoris consist of?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

46
Q

What does the quadriceps femoris do? What contained muscle performs another action, what is it?

A

Extends knee
Rectus femoris flexes hip

47
Q

What is the superior boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

48
Q

What is the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus muscle

49
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius muscle

50
Q

What is the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas muscle and pectineus muscle

51
Q

What is the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia lata

52
Q

Where is the gluteal region in comparison to the pelvis, iliac crest, greater trochanter, and gluteal fold?

A

Posterior to pelvis
Inferior to iliac crest
Medial to greater trochanter
Superior to gluteal fold

53
Q

The right and left gluteal regions are separated at this

A

Intergluteal cleft

54
Q

What is the gluteal region a part of?

A

Physically part of the trunk
Functionally part of the lower limb

55
Q

In a child, what is the AOI like?

A

Slight coxa valga

56
Q

In the elderly, what is the AOI like?

A

Some excessive coxa vara

57
Q

What actions do the deep gluteal muscles perform?

A

Lateral rotate the hip
Stabilization of the femoral head

58
Q

What are the contents (lateral to medial) of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Femoral sheath

59
Q

What are the contents of the femoral sheath?

A

Lateral compartment (femoral artery)
Intermediate compartment (femoral vein - drainage of great saphenous vein)
Medial compartment - femoral canal (deep inguinal lymph nodes and loose connective tissue)

60
Q

What does the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath contain?

A

Femoral artery

61
Q

What does the intermediate compartment of the femoral sheath contain?

A

Femoral vein

62
Q

What drains into the femoral vein from outside the fascia lata?

A

Great saphenous vein

63
Q

What does the medial compartment of the femoral sheath contain?

A

(Femoral canal)
Deep inguinal lymph nodes
Loose connective tissue

64
Q

A femoral hernia comes from this weak area in anterior abdominal wall that compresses contents

A

Femoral ring

65
Q

A femoral hernia may enlarge by passing through?

A

Saphenous opening

66
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve (sensory afferent from femoral nerve)

67
Q

What are the contents of the adductor hiatus

A

Femoral artery and nerve (become popliteal after this)

68
Q

What muscles does the medial compartment of the thigh contain?

A

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus

69
Q

What muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh adduct the hip?

A

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis

70
Q

What can the adductor magnus muscle be divided into? What additional movements does this have besides adducting the hip?

A

Adductor portion - flex hip
Hamstrings portion - extend hip

71
Q

What movement can the gracilis muscle do in addition to adducting the hip?

A

Flex knee

72
Q

What movement does the obturator externus muscle perform?

A

Laterally rotate hip

73
Q

What is the innervation to the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh? What is the exception?

A

Obturator nerve
Hamstrings portion of adductor magnus is tibial nerve

74
Q

What muscles does the posterior compartment of the thigh contain?

A

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

75
Q

What actions do the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh perform? What is the exception?

A

Extend hip, flex knee
Short head of biceps femoris only flexes knee

76
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh? What is the exception?

A

Tibial nerve
Short head of biceps femoris muscle is common fibular nerve

77
Q

What is the artery and branches that are part of the cruciate anastomosis?

A

Inferior gluteal artery
Branches: lateral circumflex femoral, medial circumflex femoral

Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb (12 decks)

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