11/27 Gluteal Region, Hip, And Thigh Flashcards
A
Posterior sacro-iliac ligament
B
Sacrospinous ligament
C
Obturator membrane
D
Sacrotuberous ligament
A
Iliofemoral (Y) ligament
B
Pubofemoral ligament
C
Iliofemoral ligament
D
Ischiofemoral ligament
E
Ligament of femoral head
F
Acetabuluar labrum
G
Obturator artery in obturator membrane from femoral artery
Degenerates into adulthood
Where is the angle of inclination of the femur?
between the femoral neck and the femoral shaft
What does the angle of inclination of the femur cause?
Places the knee inferior to the trunk
What is valga?
Oblique displacement away from midline
What is vara?
Oblique displacement toward midline
What are coxa valga vs coxa vara changes a result of?
Acquired, gender difference, congenital factors
What movement does the gluteus maximus muscle perform?
extension and lateral rotation of the hip, rising from seated position
What innervates the gluteus maximus muscle? What nerve roots does this comprise?
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
What are the superficial/lateral gluteal muscles
Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae lateae
What movements does the gluteus medius muscle, gluteus minimus muscle, and tensor fasciae latae muscle perform?
Abduction and medial rotation of the hip
What is the innervation to the gluteus medius muscle, gluteus minimus muscle, and tensor fasciae latae muscle? Which nerve roots does this comprise?
Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
What are the deep gluteal muscles?
Piriformis, obturator internus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris
What movements do the deep gluteal muscles perform?
Laterally rotate hip, stabilization of femoral head
What nerve innervates the piriformis muscle?
Anterior rami of S1-S2
What nerve innervates the superior gemellus muscle? What nerve roots does this comprise?
Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
What nerve innervates the quadratus femoris muscle? What nerve roots does this comprise?
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
What is piriformis syndrome
Pain in the buttocks from compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle
Where does the sciatic nerve usually emerge? Where is this typically in relation to the piriformis muscle?
usually emerges from the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis
What is the fascia lata?
strong (non- yielding) fascia in the lower limb
What does the fascia lata form?
dense layer of connective tissue between the subcutaneous tissue and muscles
What does the fascia lata attach to?
Bone
What is the iliotibial tract?
thickening of the fascia lata via the conjoint aponeurosis
What is the iliotibial tract a conjoint aponeurosis of?
Tensor fascia lata muscle
Gluteus maximus musle
What is the fascia lata continuous with the leg inferiorly?
Crural fascia
What does the crural fascia assist with?
Deep venous return
What are the 3 functional compartments of the thigh?
Anterior, medial, posterior
What does the anterior compartment of the thigh generally house?
Flexors of the hip
Extensors of the knee
What does the medial compartment of the thigh generally house?
Adductors of the hip
What does the posterior compartment of the thigh generally house?
Extensors of the hip
Flexors of the knee
What muscles does the anterior compartment of the thigh house?
Pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius)
What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the thigh? What is the exception?
Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas - anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3)
What does the pectineus muscle do?
transitional muscle of ant. & med. compartments of the thigh
Flex & Adduct hip
What does the iliopsoas muscle do?
main flexor of hip
What does the sartorius muscle do?
Flex and laterally rotate hip, flex knee
What does the quadriceps femoris consist of?
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
What does the quadriceps femoris do? What contained muscle performs another action, what is it?
Extends knee
Rectus femoris flexes hip
What is the superior boundary of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
What is the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus muscle
What is the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?
Sartorius muscle
What is the floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas muscle and pectineus muscle
What is the roof of the femoral triangle?
Fascia lata
Where is the gluteal region in comparison to the pelvis, iliac crest, greater trochanter, and gluteal fold?
Posterior to pelvis
Inferior to iliac crest
Medial to greater trochanter
Superior to gluteal fold
The right and left gluteal regions are separated at this
Intergluteal cleft
What is the gluteal region a part of?
Physically part of the trunk
Functionally part of the lower limb
In a child, what is the AOI like?
Slight coxa valga
In the elderly, what is the AOI like?
Some excessive coxa vara
What actions do the deep gluteal muscles perform?
Lateral rotate the hip
Stabilization of the femoral head
What are the contents (lateral to medial) of the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Femoral sheath
What are the contents of the femoral sheath?
Lateral compartment (femoral artery)
Intermediate compartment (femoral vein - drainage of great saphenous vein)
Medial compartment - femoral canal (deep inguinal lymph nodes and loose connective tissue)
What does the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath contain?
Femoral artery
What does the intermediate compartment of the femoral sheath contain?
Femoral vein
What drains into the femoral vein from outside the fascia lata?
Great saphenous vein
What does the medial compartment of the femoral sheath contain?
(Femoral canal)
Deep inguinal lymph nodes
Loose connective tissue
A femoral hernia comes from this weak area in anterior abdominal wall that compresses contents
Femoral ring
A femoral hernia may enlarge by passing through?
Saphenous opening
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve (sensory afferent from femoral nerve)
What are the contents of the adductor hiatus
Femoral artery and nerve (become popliteal after this)
What muscles does the medial compartment of the thigh contain?
Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus
What muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh adduct the hip?
Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis
What can the adductor magnus muscle be divided into? What additional movements does this have besides adducting the hip?
Adductor portion - flex hip
Hamstrings portion - extend hip
What movement can the gracilis muscle do in addition to adducting the hip?
Flex knee
What movement does the obturator externus muscle perform?
Laterally rotate hip
What is the innervation to the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh? What is the exception?
Obturator nerve
Hamstrings portion of adductor magnus is tibial nerve
What muscles does the posterior compartment of the thigh contain?
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
What actions do the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh perform? What is the exception?
Extend hip, flex knee
Short head of biceps femoris only flexes knee
What is the innervation of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh? What is the exception?
Tibial nerve
Short head of biceps femoris muscle is common fibular nerve
What is the artery and branches that are part of the cruciate anastomosis?
Inferior gluteal artery
Branches: lateral circumflex femoral, medial circumflex femoral
