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Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb > 11/15 Pelvis Anatomy > Flashcards

11/15 Pelvis Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the antero-inferior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

Pubis and pubic symphysis
− Weight bearing

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2
Q

What comprises the lateral pelvic walls of the pelvic cavity?

A

Os coxae
Obturator foramen and membrane

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3
Q

What comprises the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

Bony wall and roof- sacrum and coccyx
Musculoligmantous posterolateral walls
(piriformis, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments)

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4
Q

What comprises the pelvic floor (inferior boundary) of the pelvic cavity?

A

Formed by the funnel shaped pelvic diaphragm- coccygeus and levator ani muscles and fascia

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5
Q

What does the pelvic inlet (superior pelvic aperture) divide? What defines it?

A

Divides the pelvis into greater and lesser pelvis
Defined by the pelvic brim

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6
Q

What composes the pelvic brim?

A

Sacral promontory, bilateral linea terminalis

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7
Q

What comprises the pelvic outlet (inferior pelvic aperture)?

A

Pubic arch, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments, and tip of the coccyx

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8
Q

What comprises the greater pelvis (false pelvis)?

A

Abdominal viscera

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9
Q

What composes the lesser pelvis (true pelvis)?

A

Between the pelvic inlet and outlet

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10
Q

Where is the lesser pelvis (true pelvis)?

A

Between the pelvic inlet and outlet

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11
Q

The pelvic girdle is a basin-shaped ring of bones that connects the

A

Vertebral column and femurs

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12
Q

Is the pelvic girdle stronger or weaker than the pectoral girdle?

A

Stronger

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13
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic girdle?

A

To bear and transport weight of upper body.
Provide attachment for the powerful muscles of locomotion, posture, abdominal wall, erectile bodies, and membranes.
Support and protect the abdominopelvic viscera.

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14
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

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15
Q

What kind of cartilage separates the pelvic girdle bones?

A

Triradiate

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16
Q

The triradiate cartilage parts of the pelvic girdle are

A

Sacroiliac joint, pubic symphysis

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17
Q

At what age do the sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis fuse the pelvic girdle?

A

13-16 years old

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18
Q

In anatomical position of the pelvic girdle, what lies in the same plane?

A

ASIS and anterior aspect of pubic symphysis lie in the same vertical plane

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19
Q

What do the sacrospinous ligament and the sacrotuberous ligaments of the pelvic girdle prevent?

A

anterioinferior rotation of the upper sacrum

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20
Q

What are the two ligaments of the pelvic girdle that prevent anterioinferior rotation of the upper sacrum?

A

Sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament

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21
Q

What does the sacrospinous ligament connect?

A

Sacrum to ischial spine

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22
Q

What does the sacrotuberous ligament connect?

A

Posterior ilium, lateral sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosity

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23
Q

What do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments form?

A

The greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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24
Q

What are the features of the male pelvis?

A

Narrow arch and angle
Greater pelvis- deep
Lesser pelvis- narrow and deep
Pelvic inlet- heart shaped
Large acetabulum

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25
Q

What are the features of the female pelvis?

A

Wide arch and angle
Greater pelvis- shallow
Lesser pelvis- wide and shallow
Pelvic inlet- oval and rounded
Smaller acetabulum

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26
Q

What are the pelvic arch and angle like in a male and female pelvis?

A

Male: narrow arch and angle (2nd and 3rd digits spread apart)
Female: wide arch and angle (thumb and 2nd digits spread apart)

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27
Q

What is the difference of the greater pelvis in a male versus female?

A

Male: deep
Female: shallow

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28
Q

What is the difference in the lesser pelvis in a male and female?

A

Male: narrow and deep
Female: wide and shallow

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29
Q

What is the difference in the pelvic inlet in males versus females?

A

Males: heart shaped
Females: oval and rounded

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30
Q

What is the difference in the acetabulum in males versus females?

A

Males: large
Females: smaller

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31
Q

What happens to the pelvic ligaments during pregnancy?

A

Increased levels of sex hormones and relaxin permits as much as 10-15% increase in diameter
Increased circumference of the lesser pelvis
Increased flexibility of the pubic symphysis

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32
Q

What ligaments relax due to relaxin in pregnancy?

A

ALL ligaments, not just in the pelvic region

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33
Q

How is the pelvic diaphragm/floor shaped? Where is it?

A

Bowl/funnel shaped muscular hammock, within lesser pelvis

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34
Q

What does the pelvic diaphragm/floor separate?

A

Separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum

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35
Q

Is the pelvic diaphragm/floor contracted? How so?

A

Always tonically contracted and is actively contracted during times of increased pressure (sneezing, jumping, etc.)

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36
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm comprised of?

A

Coccygeus, Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus, Fascia

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37
Q

What makes up the levator ani?

A

Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus

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38
Q

What does the pelvic diaphragm attach to? What muscle does it divide?

A

Attaches to the overlying obturator fascia divides the obturator internus muscle into superior pelvic portion and inferior perineal portion

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39
Q

What is the puborectalis?

A

Thicker, narrower, medial part of the levator ani muscle.
U-shaped muscular sling that passes posterior to the anorectal junction.
Maintains fecal continence.

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40
Q

What does the pelvic floor support during birth?

A

Supports the fetal head while the cervix is dilating in preparation for birth

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41
Q

Which muscles of the pelvic floor are more likely to be torn?

A

Pubococcygeus and puborectalis

42
Q

What are some of the consequences of damage to the pelvic floor during childbirth?

A

The muscles damaged during childbirth encircle and support the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. Weakening of these results in stress incontinence and/or prolapse of pelvic organs.

43
Q

What kinds of pelvic floor dysfunctions can males have?

A

Male urinary dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain

44
Q

What is male urinary dysfunction?

A

leaking urine after expression, incontinence, constipation and other issues

45
Q

What is male erectile dysfunction?

A

difficulty achieving and/or maintaining an erection

46
Q

What are the peritoneal pouches

A

Peritoneum
Supravesicular
Paravesicular
Vesicouterine/rectovesicle
Broad ligament/ureteric folds
Rectouterine/rectovesical
Pararectal

47
Q

1

A

Peritoneum

48
Q

2

A

Supravesicular

49
Q

3

A

Paravesicular

50
Q

4

A

Vesicouterine/rectovesicle

51
Q

5

A

Broad ligament/ureteric folds

52
Q

6

A

Rectouterine/rectovesical

53
Q

7

A

Pararectal

54
Q

What is the pelvic fascia a continuation of?

A

The endoabdominal fascia

55
Q

What types of pelvic fascia are there?

A

Membranous (parietal and visceral)
Endopelvic (loose and condensed)

56
Q

What types of membranous pelvic fascia are there?

A

Parietal and visceral

57
Q

What is the parietal membranous fascia and what does it cover?

A

Deep fascia
Lines the inner aspect of the muscles forming the walls and floor of the pelvis

58
Q

What is the visceral membranous fascia and what does it cover?

A

Adventitia
Ensheathes the pelvic organs

59
Q

What is the area where the parietal and visceral layers of membranous pelvic fascia meet? Where is it?

A

Tendinous arch of pelvic fascia
Bilateral band from pubis to sacrum

60
Q

What is the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia called in males/females?

A

Males: puboprostatic ligament
Females: pubovesical ligament

61
Q

What is the endopelvic fascia and what does it do?

A

Abundant CT between two membranous layers.
Acts as “packing material” for pelvic viscera.

62
Q

What are the types of endopelvic fascia?

A

Loose areolar endopelvic fascia
Condensed endopelvic fascia

63
Q

What is the loose areolar endopelvic fascia and where is it?

A

Loose areolar CT, fatty.
Found near the retropubic and retrorectal spaces

64
Q

What is the condensed endopelvic fascia?

A

Pelvic ligaments- CT, SM and neurovascular bundles

65
Q

A

A

Umbilical artery (anterior division)

66
Q

B
Where does it run

A

Obturator artery
runs antero-inferiorly on the obturator fascia on the lateral wall of the pelvis

67
Q

C

A

Superior vesical
Superior portion of bladder

68
Q

E

A

Lateral sacral

69
Q

F
Where does it go?

A

Inferior gluteal
usually passes between S2 and S3; inferior to piriformis

70
Q

G

A

Inferior vesical
(Male only - inferior portion of bladder)

71
Q

H
Where does it go?

A

Internal pudendal
passes inferolaterally, anterior to piriformis and sacral plexus. Leaves the pelvis between the piriformis and coccygeus.

72
Q

I

A

Middle rectal

73
Q

I

A

Middle rectal

74
Q

J
Where does it go?

A

Superior gluteal
Passes between the lumbrosacral trunk and S1 ventral ramus

75
Q

A

A

Superior gluteal

76
Q

B

A

Umbilical

77
Q

C

A

Obturator

78
Q

D

A

Superior vesical

79
Q

E

A

Uterine
(Female only)

80
Q

F

A

Iliolumbar

81
Q

G

A

Inferior gluteal

82
Q

H

A

Lateral sacral

83
Q

Far right unlabeled

A

Internal pudendal

84
Q

I

A

Middle rectal

85
Q

J

A

Vaginal

86
Q

What spinal levels does the obturator nerve come from?

A

L2-4

87
Q

Where does the obturator nerve pass?

A

Obturator canal

88
Q

What does the obturator nerve divide into?

A

anterior and posterior contributions to supply the medial thigh muscles

89
Q

What roots is the lumbosacral trunk from?

A

L4-5

90
Q

How is the lumbosacral trunk formed?

A

Descending part of L4 nerve unites with anterior ramus of L5, forming the lumbosacral trunk

91
Q

Where does the lumbosacral trunk go?

A

Passes along anterior ala of sacrum to join the sacral plexus

92
Q

What roots does the sacral plexus come from?

A

L4-S3

93
Q

What does the sacral plexus continue as?

A

Sciatic nerves, pudendal nerves

94
Q

What does the coccygeal plexus come from?

A

S4-5, coccygeal nerves

95
Q

Where is the coccygeal plexus and what does it supply?

A

Lies on the pelvic surface of the coccygeus.
Supplies coccygeus muscle, part of levator ani and the sacrococcygeal joint.

96
Q

What are the four primary groups of lymphatic nodes for drainage of the pelvis?

A

External iliac, internal iliac, sacral, common iliac

97
Q

receive lymph mainly from the inguinal lymph nodes but also pelvic viscera. These nodes drain into the common iliac nodes

A

External iliac nodes

98
Q

clustered around the anterior and posterior divisions of the artery. Receive lymph drainage from the inferior pelvic viscera, deep perineum, and gluteal region. These drain into the common iliac nodes

A

Internal iliac nodes

99
Q

located in the concavity of the sacrum, adjacent to the median sacral vessels. Receive lymph from postero-inferior pelvic viscera and drain to either internal or common iliac nodes

A

Sacral nodes

100
Q

superior to pelvic brim along the common iliac blood vessels. Receive lymph drainage from external iliac, internal iliac and sacral nodes. Drain next to the lumbar nodes.

A

Common iliac nodes

101
Q

What nodes drain into the common iliac nodes?

A

External iliac nodes, internal iliac nodes, sacral nodes

Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb (12 decks)

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