1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sectors of Economy

A

Private sector
Public sector
Third sector

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2
Q

Private sector

A
  • Owned by individuals or groups
  • Aim is to maximize profit
  • Profit benefits owners, shareholders and investors
  • Financed by private money from shareholders and bank loans
  • Wong, Pandora, Zara, Promart
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3
Q

Public sector

A
  • Owned by the government
  • Provide goods and services to benefit the community
  • Operate with money raised from taxes
  • Healthcare, education, public libraries
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4
Q

Third sector

A
  • Owned and run voluntarily by trustees
  • Aim is to help the community
  • Operate with money from donations, grants from the government and other organisations
  • Charities, The Red Cross, Cancer Research
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5
Q

Sole Trader

A

Business owned and controlled by one person:
- Sole trader runs and owns the business
- Sole trader has unlimited liability
- Finance is limited (high risk)
- Financial documents remain private to public
- Registering the business is relatively easy, inexpensive and quick

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6
Q

Unlimited Liability

A

Business owners who are legally liable for any debt their business might have.

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7
Q

Partnerships

A

Business association between 2 to 20 people:
- Decisions are made jointly by the partners
- Partners have unlimited liability
- More capital to start the business
- There are sleeping partners
- More legal requirements
- Profits are not shared equally, based on percentage of ownership (capital)

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8
Q

Sleeping partners

A

Provide finance and expect a share of the profit. Limited liability

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9
Q

Private limited company (Ltd)

A
  • Owned by shareholders who have limited liability
  • Run by a board of directors
  • Have to pay coororation tax
  • Profits are shared amongst shareholders in dividends
  • Shares are owned privately
  • Finance is raised through privately inviting others to become shareholders (have limites liability)
  • Dyson
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10
Q

Public limited company (Plc)

A
  • Owned by shareholders who have limited liability
  • Run by a board of directors
  • Have to pay coororation tax
  • Profits are shared amongst shareholders in dividends
  • Shares are available in the market
  • Shares con be bought and sold on the stock exchange
  • Amazon
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11
Q

Co-operatives

A

A form of partnership owned and controlled by its members:
- Aim to promote the development of a community, believe in social responsibility
- All members can vote
- Members receive a share of profits in dividends
- Anyone can join

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12
Q

Types of cooperatives

A

Financial: Lending money at lower rates on interest, offer longer payback periods
Housing: Provides housing for its members
Workers: Business owned and controlled by its workers, doesn’t pay significantly higher wages to managers
Producer: Aim to maximise utilization of an expensive piece of equipment leading to reduced costs
Consumer: Provides service to consumers who are also part owners and receive lower prices

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13
Q

Micro-financers

A
  • Developed in low income economies
  • Provide small amounts of finance to those who typically wouldn’t receive it
  • Money is lent with specified conditions for use and scheduled payments
  • Make profit of interest
  • Loan amounts are small and interest rates are low
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14
Q

Public Private Partnerships

A

Business created between the private and public sector:
- Typically involves construction of a facility with a social aim
- Is expected to make a return on the money invested but profits is not priority
- Public sector provides finance and private sector provides expertise
- Profits are used to sustain the business

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15
Q

Not-for profit social enterprises

A
  • Generate surpluses rather than profit
  • NGO’s, Charities
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16
Q

Surplus

A

Surplus = total revenue - total costs
Is like profit but rather then being distributed to the owners, it is used to advance the social purpose for which the business was set up.

17
Q

Non-Government Organisation (NGO)

A
  • Not run by any government
  • Aim to suport a social cause
18
Q

Charities

A

Specific form of NGO whose aim is to provide as much relief as possible for those in need:
- Regulated by government
- Do not pay taxes
- Finance is from donations or their fund raising