12-05 L3 Thorcic Region (anatomy)

Question 1

What muscles are used for inspiration?

Answer 1

• Extrenal intercostal muscles
• Levatores costarum m

Question 2

What mucles are used for expiration?

Answer 2

• internal intercostal m
• inermost intercostal m
• transversus thoracis m
• subcostales m

Question 3

Origin of the Levatores costarum m

Answer 3

• Transverse processes of C7-T11

Question 4

Name the vasculature in the thoracic cage that comes off of the

• aorta
• internal thoracic a

Answer 4

• aorta
  
  • posterior intercostal a
  • posterior branch of the posterior intercostal a
• internal throacic a
  
  • Anterior intercostal a

Question 5

How does the internal thoracic a. communicate with the aorta

Answer 5

• anastamosis b/t anterior and posterior intercostal a.

Question 6

Nerve supply in the thoracic cage

Answer 6

• Posterior ramus
• anterior ramus
  
  • lateral cutaneous branch

Question 7

The vessels (posterior intercostal a, posterior intercostal v and intercostal n) lie between what 2 muscles

Answer 7

• Internal intercostal m
• innermost intercostal m

Question 8

What happens in an event of a coarctatino of the aorta?

Answer 8

blood can bypass the coarctation via the internal thoracic arteries

Question 9

What will you find at the level of the transverse thoracic plane

2,4 PAATT

Answer 9

• the leve of rib 2 where it attaches ot eh sternum via the 2nd caostal cartialge
• the body of vertebrae T4**
• bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk
• arch of the aorta
• drainage of the **azygous **into the superior vena cava
• bifurcation of the trachea
• crossing of the _t_horcic duct

Question 10

What is contained in the

superior mediastinum

GVAVL

Answer 10

• Glandular:thymus
• Venous: L&R brachiocephalic v, SVC, azygous v
• Arterioal-nervous: R brachiocephalic a, L common carotid, subclavian a.
  
  • R&L vagus, R&L phrenic n.
• Visceral: esophagus, trachea, L recurrent Laryngeal n
• Lymphatic: thoracic duct (cisterna chyli)

Question 11

What is contained in the anterir mediastinum?

Answer 11

• Thymus gland
• internal thoracic vessels
• Parsternal lymph nodes

Question 12

What is contained in the

Middle mediastinum?

Answer 12

extends from costal cartilages (2-6 and vertebrae T5-T8)

• phrenic n
• pericardiacophrenic a & v

Question 13

Naem the two pericardial sinuses?

Answer 13

• transverse pericardial sinus
• Oblique pericardial sinus

Question 14

Define the autonomic innervation of the heart?

Answer 14

• Cervical splanchnic nerves
• Throacic splanchnic nerves
• Cardiac branches
• Superfical and deep cardiac plexuses
• Coronary plexuses

postganglionic sympathetic

Question 15

Referred pain of a hear attack

• where is it
• what is its pathway?
• name of the nerve it travels down

Answer 15

• Intercostobrachial n (T2)
• down left arm
• from the heart –>dorsal root ganglion–>spinal cord–> cardiac ischemia stimulated GVA fibers which travel with the GVE fibers

Question 16

Define the

posterior mediastinum

Answer 16

• Bronchials
• Posterior intercostals
• subcostal
• superior phrenic

Question 17

What gives rise to the anterior vagal trunk and the posterior vagal trunk

Answer 17

• anterior vagal trunk: L vagus n
• Posterior vagal trunk: R vagus n