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Past Papers > 12/04 > Flashcards

12/04 Flashcards

1
Q

Cvek pulpotomy

A

partial pulpotomy

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2
Q

If pulp exposure larger

A

cervical pulpotomy
- non setting CaOH
- GI
- Comp

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3
Q

GI

A

self cure

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4
Q

Primary review

A

161
1 week
6 months
1 year

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5
Q

Permanent

A

661

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6
Q

2 weeks splint

A

SEA

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7
Q

Which must require RCT?

A

Avulsion
Intrusion
- survival of pulp is low

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8
Q
A
  • OH
  • chlorohexidine gluconate 0.12% twice daily for 1 week
  • brush with soft toothbrush
  • soft diet
  • analgesia
  • no contact sports
  • check tetanus immunisation
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9
Q
A
  • reassurance
  • history, any medical issues
  • trauma history
  • E/O- abuse, no step deformity, haemorrhage
  • I/O - no laceration, mobility, transillumination for fracture, SLEUTH
  • diagnose
  • radiograph?
  • emergency tx
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10
Q

Complications can you get after trauma of primary teeth?

A
  • discolouration
  • vitality lost
  • delayed exfoliation
  • infection
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11
Q

Complication of perm tooth

A
  • dilaceration
  • delayed eruption
  • odontoformation
  • enamel defect
  • ectopic
  • arrested development
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12
Q

Most common in permanent

A

enamel dentine fracture

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13
Q

yellow

A
  • ## close monitor
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14
Q

pink

A
  • cervical root resorption
  • RCT
  • bleeding of pulp
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15
Q

grey

A
  • pulp death
  • break down of blood product
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16
Q

Factors affect diagnosis

A
  • time between trauma and tx
  • PDL damage
  • type of injury
  • infection
  • stage of root development
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17
Q

Follow up of radiograph

A
  • absence of PAP
  • absence of furcation/ bone loss
  • ideal continued root development
  • no radiolucency
  • no internal/ external R
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18
Q

Percussion note

A

dull - root fracture
high metallic - ankylose

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19
Q

Apexification vs Apexogenesis

A

Apexification - non- vital, open apex, artificial plug
- MTA, Biodentine

Apexogenesis- vital, allow it to grow

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20
Q

On radiograph, how do tell is ERR?

A
  • take 2 PA
  • root surface will be ragged
  • actually RC is still one straight line
  • change in position in parallax
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21
Q

Tramline

A
  • external
  • indistinct root surface

Internal
- root surface intact
- tramline not distinct

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22
Q

Tx for dilaceration

A
  • rule out embedded fragments
  • ortho repositioning
  • suture
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23
Q

SHANARRI
- wellbeing indication
- national practice model
- record information about child

A

GIRFEC - get it right for every children
- safe
- healthy
- active
- nutured
- achieving
- responsible
- respected
- included

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24
Q
A

part of GIRFEC

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25
Q

Resilience matrix

A

GIRFEC

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26
Q

Steps when you suspect child abuse

A
  • talk with dental team; call parents and set appt times; offer support; set target, monitor progress, keep records
  • multidisciplinary team (school nurse, social work, senior colleague, health visitor, GMP, GDP) - pt < 5 yrs who has multiple FTA
  • child protection referral; check if child if child is in child protection team, follow up in writing for statement of concern
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27
Q
A

measures you take to prevent child from maltreatment, growing in safe and caring environment and prevent impairement of child

28
Q

Signs of child abuse

A
  • bruising
  • bilateral bruising
  • bite marks
  • burn marks
  • hair pulling
  • bruised ears
  • bruising of different timelines
  • tattoo bruising
  • slap marks
29
Q

Safety Triangle

A
  • ear
  • side of face
  • neck
  • top of shoulders
30
Q

Intraoral

A
  • tearing of frenum
  • lip bruising
  • bruising on palate
31
Q

aetiology of child abuse

A
  • drug use
  • alcoholic
  • mental health
32
Q

Role as a GDP about child abuse

A
  • recognise
  • referral
  • record
33
Q

Suspicion index of child abuse

A
  • delayed presentation
  • previous untreated injury
  • delayed in seeking help
  • multiple failed attendance
  • story doesn’t match up
  • story vague
  • abnormal interraction between child and parent
34
Q

Abnormalities in

A
  • microdontia
  • hypodontia (DS, CLP, ectodermal dysplasia)
  • macrodontia
  • germination fusion
  • Hyperdontia (CLP, Gardeners)
  • Talon cusp
35
Q

Tooth shape

A
  • dens in dente
  • Talon cusp
36
Q

Manage dens- in dente

A
  • seal pit
37
Q

Talon cusp management

A
  • selective grinding
  • FV
38
Q

Amelogenesis imperfecta

A
  • congenital
  • gene mutation affect enamel ECM molecule including amelogenin, enamalin and KLK4
39
Q

Types of AI

A
  • hypoplastic
  • hypomineralise
  • hypomaturation
  • mixed with taurodontism
40
Q

Consequences of AI

A
  • sensitivity
  • poor bonding
  • susceptible to caries
41
Q

MIH vs AI

A

AI - hereditary
MIH - environment

42
Q

Radiographically for Ai

A
  • opacity
43
Q

types of DI

A
  • osteogenesis imperfecta
  • afro-african
44
Q

Presentation of DI type 1

A
  • multiple bone fracture
  • blue sclera
45
Q

DI radiograph

A
  • obliterated pulp
  • bulbous crown
46
Q

if pt comes in with enamel defects?

A
  • family history
  • any pregnancy trimester issues/ health
  • social (malnutrition)
  • if mum took any fluoride supplements
  • if its a preborn baby
  • any chicken pox/ measles
47
Q

Tx for AI?

A
  • composite veneers
  • SSC
  • fissure sealant
  • metal onlay
  • prevention
  • ortho to fix openbite
48
Q

SDF

A
  • silver diamine fluoride
  • 38% of 44800 ppm
  • arrest caries
  • block dentinal tubules
  • antibacterial
  • remineralisation
49
Q

Contraindication

A
  • irreversible pulpitis
  • allergy to silver, fluoride and ammonia, iodine
  • ulcer
  • pregnant
  • thyroid gland medication/ therapy if potassium iodide in SDF
  • cannot involve pulp
50
Q

Indication

A
  • pre-cooperative pt
  • self cleansing
  • asymptomatic caries into dentine
  • buy time to avoid/ delay GA/ sedation
  • buy time for exfoliation
  • colophony allergy if cannot use FV
  • MIH
51
Q

Disadvantages

A
  • metallic taste
  • temporary tattoo if on mucosa
  • expensive
  • difficult to diagnose
52
Q

Review after SDF

A
  • 2-4 weeks
  • repeat if caries is still soft
  • restore with hall crown/ GIC
53
Q

Procedure

A
  • vaseline around mucosa
  • clean cavity
  • gingival mask to isolate
  • clean, dry
  • apply SDF
  • leave for 3 mins
  • ## use cotton pellet to absorb excess
54
Q

If pt has asthma

A
  • reversible airway obstruction and bronchospasms
  • blue- salbutamol (reliever, short acting b2 agonist)
  • brown - prevent, long acting b2 agonist, cortisosteroid, increase candidiasis risk, use spacer, rinse after use
  • if hospitalized in last 12 months
  • use colophony free FV, ProFluorid
  • need to know trigger
  • dry mouth, higher caries risk
  • erosion from inhaler if they don’t rinse
  • avoid NSAIDS or Ibuprofen- causes bronchospasm
55
Q

How do you manage asthma attack in hospital setting

A
  • administer 100% O2
  • 2 puffs inhaler
  • 4 puffs/ min
  • call ambulance 999

If unconscious then CPR then call 999

56
Q

Asthma stages

A
  • life threatening: everything goes down
  • acute severe asthma: tachycardia, breathing> 25 breaths/ min
57
Q

Haemophilia

A

X- linked recessive

A - factor 8
B - factor 9

Severe- clotting factor < 1%
Moderate 2-5 %
Mild 6-40%
Carrier >50%

Injection- need to do infiltration, cannot do IDB and Lingual infiltration

  • liaise with haemophilia team
  • if platelet count more than 100x10’9…, then can treat in GDP, provided FBC in less than 10 days
  • hospital more than 50
  • neutrophil more than 1, can treat tooth; if less than 1, give AB
58
Q

vWB

A

autosomal dominant

  • lack of vWB factor and f8
59
Q

Autism

A
  • they don’t like foaming toothpaste, so give Oranurse
  • give like adapted toothbrush if they don’t like toothbrush
  • quiet environment
  • leaflet for them to familiarise with clinic
  • ADHD, OCD, Dyslexia, Epilepsy
60
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

4 types
- spastic: cortex
- ataxic: cerebellum
- dyskinetic: basal ganglia
- mixed

  • Bruxism
  • thick saliva
  • delayed eruption
  • caries
  • enamel malformation
61
Q

Down syndrome

A

E/O and I/O features

62
Q

Diabetes type 1 and 2

A
63
Q

Medical condition related to congenital heart defect

A
  • DS
  • Turner- small jaw, malocclusion, high palatal vault
  • William syndrome
  • Noonan syndrome
  • Kabuki syndrome
64
Q

Hutchinson’s incisors

A
  • ## syphillis
65
Q

most common oral cancer

A

acute lymphomablasmic leukaemia

66
Q

Behavioural management

A
  • acclimitisation
  • tell show do
  • ## motivational interviewing
67
Q

Anxiety vs Dental phobia

A

dental phobia is avoidance
- behavioural

Past Papers (5 decks)

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