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Past Papers > 06/04 > Flashcards

06/04 Flashcards

1
Q

Role of fluoride

A
  • incorporates into tooth to form fluoroapetite, which is more caries resistant than hydroxyapetite
  • inteferes with adhesion of bacteria
  • promote remineralisation
  • make enamel more resistant to acid
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2
Q

How to identify caries?

A
  • clinical detection
  • dry tooth
  • good light
  • sharp eyes
  • fibreoptic transillumination
  • caries detection dye
  • radiographs
  • sensibility and vitality test
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3
Q

7 caries risk assessment (SIGN 47)

A
  • medical history
  • social economical status
  • salivary flow
  • fluoride use
  • diet
  • clinical evidence
  • plaque control
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4
Q

Biofilm development

A
  • adhesion/ attachment - bacteria attach to the pellicle via fimbriae, this is initial reversible adhesion
  • colonisation- primary colonisal provide new binding sites for adhesion by other oral bacteria, firm irreversible anchorage
  • maturation- development of micro-colonises and eventually to a mature biofilm
  • climax community
  • dispersal- dispersal of microbes to
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5
Q

Fluoride toxicity

A
  • fluorosis
  • impaired growth of apatite crystals
  • retain matrix proteins
  • increase binding of proteases
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6
Q

How does calcium fluoride work?

A
  • high fluoride content in the mouth, from calcium fluoride
  • acts as fluoride reservoir
  • works fluoride varnish is applied
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7
Q

Fluoride reservoir

A
  • calcium fluoride
  • fluoroapatite
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8
Q

Fluoride

A
  • fluoride varnish
  • fluoridated water
  • fluoride toothpaste
  • fluoride MW
  • Toothmousse
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9
Q

What’s in Toothmousse?

A

CPPACP
- casein phosphopeptide amorphus calcium phosphate
- cannot give pt who is lactose intolerant

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10
Q

Roles of fluoride

A
  • incorporation into enamel crystal to form fluroapetute
  • resistant to streptococcus strains
  • inteferes with adhesion force of bacteria, reducing ability to stick to surface of tooth
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11
Q

Does fluorosis happen in adults?

A
  • only occurs during development of tooth
  • resin infiltration
  • ## direct restoration
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12
Q

Toothpaste fluoride toxic dose

A
  • 5mg/kg
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13
Q

Management of fluoride toxicity
BDS 2 lecture

A
  • drink milk
  • monitor for a few hours
  • IV calcium gluconate (15-64 admit to hospital)
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14
Q

Cavity design of amalgam

A
  • undercuts
  • convergent occlusally
  • 90-120 degree cavosurface margin angle, buttjoint
  • cavity depth 2mm
  • isthmus 1-1.5mm, 1/3 width of tooth
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15
Q

Increase retention of amalgam

A
  • undercut
  • retentive groove
  • dovetail
  • reverse s curve
  • dentine pin
  • metal bonding agent
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16
Q

Cavity design of comp

A
  • bevel joint
  • no undercut
  • no unsupportive enamel
  • no excessive acute angle
  • rounded internal point angle
  • depth 1-1.5mm
  • margin clear of occlusal contact
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17
Q

If caries left at ADJ and restore?

A
  • enamel at ADJ is weak and may break down restorative margin
  • unsupported enamel
  • marginal integrity is compromised
  • caries will spread laterally and towards pulp
18
Q

Amalgam constituents

A
  • mercury
  • silver
  • tin
  • copper
  • zinc - scavenger during production, oxidises and slag formed
19
Q

Two types of amalgam

A
  • traditional amalgam
  • copper enriched amalgam (13-30%)
20
Q

Gamma 2

A

GAMMA 2
- weak and poor corrosion resistance
- thin mercury

21
Q

What is creep?

A
  • when a material is repeatedly stressed for a long period at low stress levels (stress below elastic limit), it may flow, resulting in permanent deformation
  • ditching margins
22
Q

Benefits of Copper enriched

A
  • higher early strength
  • less creep
  • higher corrosion resistance
  • increased durability of margins
23
Q

Indication of amalgam

A
  • large cavity
  • moisture control cannot be achieved
  • bruxism patients
  • if aesthetics is not a concern
  • cheaper
24
Q

Contraindication of amalgam

A
  • allergy to metal
  • contact allergy
  • aesthetic
  • breast feeding
  • under 15 years old
  • less conservative
25
Q

Composite

A
  • aesthetics
  • bond to teeth
  • can add on
  • low thermal conductivity compared to amalgam
  • high compressive strength
  • biocompatible
  • bonds to dentine
26
Q

Contraindication of composite

A
  • more expensive
  • monomer leaching
  • stain
  • higher polymerisation shrinkage
  • exothermic reaction cause pulpal irritation
  • curing 2mm
27
Q

Constituents of composite

A
  • Filler particles, glass, ie: quartz/ silica (increase tensile strength, increase hardness, reduce polymerisation shrinkage)
  • photoinitiator, camphorquinone
  • Bis-GMA
  • low weight dimethacrylates
  • HEMA
  • silane coupling agent
28
Q

Etch and bond

A
  • etch to roughen surface and remove smear layer from dentine
  • create micropores for micromechanical retention
  • prime and bond to create an adhesive layer for composite to bond to tooth surface
  • bond has Bis-GMA and form hybrid layer with collagen network
29
Q

What does primer do?

A
  • penetrate in dentinal tubules
  • hydrophilic and hydrophobic end
30
Q

Dental cement uses

A
  • luting agent
  • cavity sealers
  • protection of pulp
  • ## cementing post and core
31
Q

RMGI/ GI

A
  • for non- load bearing area
32
Q

too much etch and dry

A
  • dentinal tubules collapse
33
Q

Differences of RMGI and GI

A
  • RMGI has resin
  • RMGI has higher compressive strength
  • better aesthetics
  • better bond to tooth
34
Q

self cure

A
  • conventional GI
35
Q

light cure

A
  • RMGI, ie: RIVA
36
Q

Disadvantages of RMGI

A
  • monomer leakage
37
Q

Fluoride varnish reduce dentine sensitivity

A
  • block dentinal tubules
  • fluoroapatite
  • calcium fluoride
38
Q

Colophony resin in fluoride varnish

A
  • hardens in contact with saliva and allows longer retention of fluoride varnish on tooth surface
39
Q

what to do after internal bleaching and shade match?

A

Reverse acidity with Ultracal before white GP

40
Q

Medical contraindications to whitening

A
  • G6PD deficiency
  • Acatalasemia
  • they cannot metabolize hydrogen peroxide

Past Papers (5 decks)

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