11b: Biochem metabolism Flashcards
List the metabolic pathways that occur only in mitochondria
“FAT OK”
- FA (beta) ox
- Acetyl-CoA production
- TCA cycle
- Ox phos
- Ketogenesis
List the metabolic pathways that occur in both cytoplasm and mito
“HUGs take two”
- Heme synthesis
- Urea cycle
- Gluconeogenesis
Difference between phosphorylase and kinase
Kinase catalyzes PO4 group transfer from HIGH E molecule (ex: ATP)
Phosphorylase transfers inorganic PO4 without using ATP
Dehydrogenase enzymes catalyze (X) reactions
X = Redox
Rate-determining enzyme of gluconeogenesis
Fruc-1,6-bisphosphatase
Rate-determining enzyme of TCA cycle
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Rate-determining enzyme of de novo purine synthesis
Gln-PRPP amidotransferase
Rate-determining enzyme of FA synthesis
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Rate-determining enzyme of FA ox
Carnitine acyltransferase I
Rate-determining enzyme of Ketogenesis
HMG-CoA synthase
Note: in cholesterol synthesis, it’s HMG-CoA reductase
List the positive regulators of PFK-1
AMP and Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
neg regulators are citrate, ATP
List the positive regulators of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Citrate
neg regulators: AMP and Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate = the pos regulators for PFK-1
Glycogen synthase positive regulators:
Gluc-6P, insulin, cortisol
the negative regulators of glycogen phosphorylase except cortisol
Glycogen synthase negative regulators:
Epi, glucagon
the positive regulators of glycogen phosphorylase
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I regulator:
N-acetylglutamate (pos regulator)
Note: urea cycle enzyme
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase neg regulators
Glucagon and palmitoyl-CoA
Carnitine acyltransferase I neg regulator
Malonyl-CoA
T/F: Thyroxine is positive regulator of HMG-CoA reductase
True
(X) chemical element causes glycolysis to produce zero net ATP
X = arsenic
RBCs can run glycolysis without generating any ATP. What’s the function of this?
Create 2,3-BPG from 1,3-BPG via BPG mutase;
2,3-BPG can then be converted into 3-phosphoglycerate and return to glycolysis, but no ATP made
CoA and lipoamide are important carrier molecules for:
Acyl groups
Biotin is important carrier molecule for:
CO2
THF is important carrier molecule for:
1-C units
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is important carrier molecule for:
CH3 (methyl) groups