11A: Peds Cardiac Flashcards
What is the average HR for an infant?
120-140
What is the average BP for an infant?
Systolic: 60-80
Diastolic: 40-50
What is the average RR for an infant?
30-55
What is the average HR for a child 2-6?
95-115
What is the average BP for a child 2-6?
Systolic: 80-90
Diastolic: 50-60
What is the average RR for a child 2-6?
20-30
What is the average HR for a child 6-12?
80-100
What is the average BP for a child 6-12?
Systolic: 80-100
Diastolic: 50-60
What is the average RR for a child 6-12?
14-22
What are congenital heart problems generally related to?
Malformation of fetal heart or failure of fetal circulation communication to close
What do you need to determine with congenital heart problems?
Cyanotic or acyanotic
What is PDA?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
What are the symptoms of PDA?
- Tachycardia
- Ejection murmur
- Increased respiratory distress
- Poor weight gain
What are interventions for PDA?
Occasionally managed with meds, but most need surgery to close
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Narrowing of the aorta
What are symptoms of coarctation of the aorta?
- SOB
- Cold extremities
- Poor eating
- Fatigue
What are interventions for coarctation of the aorta?
Surgery to open up the area for proper blood flow
What are symptoms of pulmonary or aortic valve stenosis?
- Weak pulse
- SOB
- Irritability
- Poor eating
- Fatigue
- Increased RR
What are interventions for pulmonary or aortic valve stenosis?
May be monitored if mild, or surgical repair or replacement
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
- VSD
- Pulmonary valve stenosis
- R ventricular hypertrophy
- Misplaced aorta
What are symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot?
- Crying
- Agitation
- SOB
What are interventions for Tetralogy of Fallot?
Surgery within first 3-6 months of life to repaid septal defect and repair valve
What is transposition of the great arteries?
Serious and rare condition where aorta and pulmonary artery are reversed when leaving the heart
What are symptoms of transposition of the great arteries?
- Cyanosis
- SOB
- Weak pulse
- Poor eating
- FTT
What are interventions for transposition of the great arteries?
Surgery within first few days to weeks
What is Tricuspid Atresia?
The valve does not form, so there is no opening between the R atria and ventricle - will have ASD to compensate
What are symptoms of Tricuspid Atresia?
- Poor breathing
- Ashen color or cyanosis
- Poor eating
- Extreme sleepiness
What are interventions for Tricuspid Atresia?
Surgery to place a valve in and close the septal defect
What is Pulmonary Atresia?
The valve does not form correctly, will have PDA and small R ventricle
What are symptoms of Pulmonary Atresia?
- Difficulty breathing
- Cyanosis
- Poor eating
- Easily fatigue
What are interventions for Pulmonary Atresia?
Meds to keep PDA open and buy time then multiple surgeries to open valve area and provide proper blood flow as infant develops
What is Hypoplastic Left-Sided Heart Syndrome?
L sided heart structures do not develop completely
What are symptoms of Hypoplastic Left-Sided Heart Syndrome?
- Cyanosis
- Cold extremities
- Extreme fatigue
- Poor pulse
- Poor eating
- Rapid RR
- SOB
What are interventions for Hypoplastic Left-Sided Heart Syndrome?
Meds to keep PDA open at first - then multiple surgeries over years to rebuild structures
What are two other congenital cardiovascular diseases?
Hyperlipidemia and congenital cardiomyopathy
What are three acquired cardiac disorders?
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Pediatric HTN
How should you design PT interventions for congenital anomalies?
-Know what anomaly is and what the medical progression is
What should you be mindful of when doing PT interventions post-op?
Where the surgical site is for positioning
Describe interventions following a thoracotomy incision
Make sure to keep shoulder complex mobile as scar tissue and muscle damage from surgery can limit scapular movement and development
