1.1.6 Break a leg Lab journal Flashcards
define radiology
a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease
define fracture
A crack or break in a bone.
define compression force
Compression force (or compressive force) occurs when a physical force presses inward on an object, causing it to become compacted.
define osteoblasts
a bone-forming celld
define osteoclasts
Any of the large multinucleate cells closely associated with areas of bone resorption (as in a fracture that is healing).
define xrays
A type of radiation that uses electromagnetic waves.
Creates pictures of the inside of your body.
Images show the parts of your body in different shades of black and white
Define ultrasounds
Imaging that uses sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body.
Define MRI
imaging technique that forms pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body
MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body
What do Registered Technologist in Radiology do
perform x rays and other diagnostic imaging examinations on patients
What do software engineers do
apply engineering principles and knowledge of programming languages to build software solutions for end users.
What do cast technicians do
Apply, adjust and remove casts
Characteristics of a communiuted fracture
broken into 3 or more pieces
Characteristics of a transverse fracture
straight line pieces
Characteristics of a spiral fracture
A kind of fracture that spirals around the bone
WHat happens during a Hematoma formation
- Blood vessels that are ruptured during the break swell to form a mass
-This mass forms between the broken bones
-This clotting reduces the blood supply to many of the cells in the area of injury
-these cells die
What happens during a fibrocartilage callus formation
-New capillaries begin to form into the clotted blood in the damaged area
-Connective tissues cells form a mass of repair tissue called a fibrocartilage callus
-This callus contains cartilage, bone, and collagen fibers.
-Combined mass closes the gap between the broken bones.
What happens during bony callus formation
-The fibrocartilage callus is gradually replaced by one made of spongy bone.
-This new mass is referred to as the bony callus -Osteoclasts and osteoblasts move to the area and multiply
What happens during bone remodeling
-Over the weeks and months to come, the callus is remodeled with the help of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. -The shape of the bones will gradually return to normal, and there will eventually be little evidence of the fracture.
What are the first steps in repairing fractures? What must the doctors do?
Fragments must be moved back into place (pull on the limb or apply pressure on the bone.)
Summarize casting
non-surgical and non-invasive, and stabilizes the fracture from outside the body.
Summarize external fixation
minimally invasive, and used in emergency situations. It involves drilling metal pins into the bone on all sides of the fracture, pins are connected to rod(s) outside the body, and it is temporary.
Summarize internal fixation
the most stable and preferred. There are two methods, fracture plating (similar to external fixation except the rod is inside the body, and pins go all the way through the bone), and intramedullary nailing (surgeon removes bone marrow, and metal rod goes in the bone, and uses nails to hold the fracture together.)
Advantages of plating and nailing
Smaller incision
Soft tissue still intact
Decreased blood loss
Limited exposure
Disadvantages of plating and nailing
Removes bone nailing
Involves surgery
Invasive
What are the 3 types of medical interventions that can be used to treat and repair broken bones
casts, internal intervention, and external intervention
Other than broken bones, what issues might X-rays be used to help diagnose?
X-rays can be used to diagnose cancer.
