1.1.4 Looking inside Bone Lab Journal

Question 1

Describe long bone

Answer 1

a bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide. Long bones have a thick outside layer of compact bone and an inner medullary cavity containing bone marrow. The ends of a long bone contain spongy bone and an epiphyseal line.

Question 2

Describe a short bone

Answer 2

Roughly a cube shape with vertical and horizontal dimensions being approximately equal. Consists mostly of spongy bone. Outside surface is a thin layer of compact bone.

Question 3

Describe a flat bone

Answer 3

A layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. They have marrow but no marrow cavity

Question 4

Describe Irregular bone

Answer 4

Thin layers of spongy bone surrounded by compact bone and do not fit any of the other bone descriptions

Question 5

Example of long bone

Answer 5

Humorous

Question 6

Example of short bone

Answer 6

Carpal

Question 7

Example of flat bone

Answer 7

Parietal

Question 8

Example of Irregular bone

Answer 8

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 9

What is spongy bone

Answer 9

consists of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow.

Question 10

What is blood vessel

Answer 10

Brings nutrients to the bone

Question 11

What is compact bone

Answer 11

forms the hard, dense outer layer of bones throughout the human body. primarily to provide strength and protection to bones

Question 12

What is periosteum

Answer 12

the membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around most of your bones. It’s what delivers bones their blood supply and gives them their sense of feeling.

Question 13

What is Medullary cavity

Answer 13

the hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow.

Question 14

What is diaphysis

Answer 14

Bone shaft, is the main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone

Question 15

What is epiphysis

Answer 15

the enlarged wide end of a long bone that articulates with other bones at joints. Widened to strengthen joints and allow for tendons and ligaments to attach.

Question 16

What is yellow bone marrow

Answer 16

is located in the cavities of long bones. It stores fat (adipocytes) and contains mesenchymal stem cells.

Question 17

What is metaphysis

Answer 17

the wide portions of long bones and the regions of the bone where growth occurs

Question 18

What is haversian canal

Answer 18

a series of microscopic tubes in the outermost region of bone called cortical bone that allow blood vessels and nerves to travel through them

Question 19

What is osteycytes

Answer 19

a cell that lies within the substance of fully formed bon

Question 20

What is canaliculi

Answer 20

narrow microscopic canals that are found in between the lacunae of the bone cells. The function of the canaliculi is to supply the nutrients to the bone cells, to remove the bone cell waste, and also aid in communication between the bone cells.

Question 21

What is bone marrow

Answer 21

a spongy substance found in the center of the bones. It manufactures bone marrow stem cells and other substances, which in turn produce blood cells

Question 22

What is bone trabeculae

Answer 22

hierarchical, spongy, and porous material composed of hard and soft tissue components which can be found at the epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones and in the vertebral bodies

Question 23

Explain how the structure of spongy bone helps reduce the overall weight of bone

Answer 23

Spongy bone has many pores and holes in it, making it way much less than the compact bone, who is much denser, and weigh much more.

Question 24

Why is it important for bones to have blood vessels?

Answer 24

The bone cells need oxygen and nutrients to constantly replace broken and dead bones.