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OAT QUESTION > 115-200 > Flashcards

115-200 Flashcards

1
Q

Kinases

A

Kinases transfer phosphoryl groups.

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2
Q

Replication

A

Most prokaryote have a circular DNA and typically only a single origin of replication per circular chromosome.

Eukaryotes often have a multiple origins of replication on each linear chromosome.

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3
Q

A homologous chromosomal pair failed to separate during meiosis I of anaphase. The resulting cells would be

A

If homologous chromosomes fail to separate at meiosis I of anaphase, the four resulting gametes will be

n-1,n-1,n+1,and n+1.

If failure was at anaphase II we would get n+1, n-1,n,n

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4
Q

IgG

IgM

IgA

IgE

IgD

A

IgG: Most abundant circulating antibody.

IgM: First antibody to appear in response to an antigen

IgA: Found in saliva, sweat and tears and prevents viral and bacterial attachment to epithelial surface.

IgE: involved in allergic reaction

IgD: involved in the differentiation of B cells into memory and plasma.

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5
Q

The Keystone Species

A

The Keystone Species allows for specie maintenance. The density of strong competitors is reduced, such that competitive exclusion of other species doe snot occur.

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6
Q

Homeotic genes

A

Homeotic genes are involved in building organs and body parts. (anatomical parts)

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7
Q

Coevulotion

A

Coevulotion occurs to allow two species to have a better chance of survival.This is a symbiotic mutualism.

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8
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • Contains more than one binding site.
  • It is allosteric.
  • It can bind O2, CO2, CO and H+.
  • Hemoglobin binds CO much tighter than O2.
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9
Q

Hypoxia

A

is a diminished availability of oxygen in tissues.

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10
Q

Calmodulin

A

Calmodulin is an intracellular protein to which Ca++​ binds.

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11
Q

Anemia

A

A deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin

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12
Q

Anoxia

A

an absense or severe deficiency of oxygen reaching tissues.

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13
Q

Apnea

A

a temporary absence of breathing

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14
Q

Hypoxemia

A

A deficiency in the oxygenation of the blood

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15
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficulty in breathing

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16
Q

Gibberellins

A

Gibberellins are plants hormones that may induce certain plants to flower as well as allow stem elongation.

17
Q

Ethylene

A

Ethylene stimulates fruit ripening

18
Q

Abscisic Acid

A

Abscisic Acid is an inhibitor of plant growth hormones.

19
Q

Cytokinins

A

Cytokinins are plant hormones involved with promoting cell division.

20
Q

Collagen

and

Centrioles

and

Peroxisomes

A

Collagen consists of a triple helix.

Centrioles are found only in animal cells and are invovled in cell division.

Peroxisomes: Convert hydrogen peroxide into H20 and 02

21
Q

Prokaryote

A

reproduce by binary fission( asexual).

Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) are prokaryotes from the kingdom monera

22
Q

Peripheral proteins

&

Integral proteins

A

Peripheral proteins polar head can be removed by salt.

Detergent and organic solvent can be used to remove Integral proteins.

23
Q

Birth control pill

A

Birth control pill are designed to deceive the body into thinking that a pregnancy has occured. They are very similar to estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone decreases FSH and LH

24
Q

Fibroblasts

A
  • is the least specialized in the connective- tissue family.
  • collagen, extracellular mayrix synthesis.
  • they are derived from mesenchyme.
  • Fibroblast are able to differentiate into other cells.
25
Q

An animal chimera

A

An animal chimera is a single organism that is composed of two or more different populations of genetically distinct cells that originated from different zygotes involved in sexual reproduction.

If the different cells have emerged from the same zygote, the organism is called a mosaic.

26
Q

Fungi part 1

A
  • Are eukaryotic heterotrophs.
  • They secrete digestive enzymes and then absorb the soluble products of digestion.
  • Composed of filaments called hyphae; collectively the hypae are called mycelium.
27
Q

Fungi part 2

A
  • can reproduce sexually or asexually.
  • Haploid state predominates, but they do alternate between haploid and and diploid stages.
  • Saprophytic, they break down the remains of living organisms that have died.
  • Immotile and have cell walls.
  • more similar to human cells than bacterial cells.
28
Q

Coagulase

A

is an enzyme produced by staphylococcus bacteria that allows blood to clot. It allows for the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin .

29
Q

These are cells of the stomach

Chief cells

Parietal cells

G-cells

Mucous cells

A

Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen.

Parietal cells: secrete HCL, (intrinsic factor, B-12 absorption)

G-cells: secrete the hormone gastrin which stimulates HCL production of parietal cells.

Mucous cells: Secrete mucous that lubricates the stomach and protects the stomach from HCL produced .

30
Q

Arthropods

A

make up the largest animal phylum. Spiders, insects, crabs, lobsters are here. They have jointed legs, exoskeletons, open circulatory systems, bilateral symmetry. Insects have a head, thoraz and abdomen.

The spiracles and tracheal tubes comprise their respiratory system.

31
Q

Annelids

A

have a true coeloms(body cavity), closed circulatory system, and includes the earthworm.

Nephrida (excretory structures) and ganglia (cluster of nerve cell bodies) are present .

32
Q

Ectoderm

A

hair, eyes, teeth, skin, nervous system, lens of the eye

33
Q

Endoderm

A

Lining of bladder, digestive and respiratory tracts, liver, pancreas, gall bladder.

34
Q

Mesoderm

A

Skeleton, muscles, gonads, kidney and circulatory system.

35
Q

Xylem

A

Xylem contains two types of cells: tracheids and vessel members. Xylem conducts water water and dissolved mineral absorbed from the soil, and mechanically supports the plant.

The yearly xylem deposits make up the animal growth rings used to record the age of a plant.

36
Q

Phloem

A

is another vascular tissue consisting of sieve tubes through which sugars and other solutes are conducted.

37
Q

Nitrogen Fixation occurs in which structure?

A

Root nodule

38
Q

VIRUS

A

They can contain DNA or RNA, but never both.

They are obligate intracellular parasites.

They are unable to reproduce outside a living cell.

The capsid of the virus may be spherical or rod-like.

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme seen in retroviruses in which RNA, rather than DNA , is the genetic material. DNA is made from RNA and incorporated .

39
Q

Phytoplankton

A

are floating autotrophs on the water surface. protist are eukaryotic organisms and generally classified according to locomotion. red tides produce toxic chemicals that affect humans as well as marine life.

red tides are caused by dinoflagella,

Diatoms are yellow or brown and are quite unique due to their glass-like shells.

OAT QUESTION (5 decks)

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