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A2 Chapter 11 > 11.5 > Flashcards

11.5 Flashcards

1
Q

4 stages of data collection and analysis:

A

1) data needs to be accurately recorded
2) abiotic and biotic factors need to be manipulated to find mean, median, mode, standard deviation, standard error
3) graphs or charts are drawn to provide info about trends or correlation within the data
4) data undergo a statistical test - allows comparison between 2 or more sets of data

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2
Q

4 stages of data collection and analysis:

A

1) data needs to be accurately recorded
2) abiotic and biotic factors need to be manipulated to find mean, median, mode, standard deviation, standard error
3) graphs or charts are drawn to provide info about trends or correlation within the data
4) data undergo a statistical test - allows comparison between 2 or more sets of data

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3
Q

Suitable graphs for representing ecological data:

A 
line graphs
scatter graphs
histograms
bar graphs
pie charts
pyramids
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4
Q

What does the kite diagram provide:

A

visual display of the changes in population numbers over distance or time

width of each band represents the relative abundance of each organism

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5
Q

what data are kite diagrams often used to display:

A

transect data

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6
Q

statistical tests are used to assess the…

A

probability of the results of an investigation being due to chance

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7
Q

Probability is the likelihood of an…

A

event occurring

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8
Q

In statistical tests, probabilities are expressed as a..

A

decimal fraction of one

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9
Q

chi squared test compares…

A

observed frequencies with those you would expect under the null hypothesis

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10
Q

Standard error and 95% confidence limits compares…

A

2 sets of measurements to see if they are the same or different

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11
Q

calculation of standard error and 95% confidence limits is used when you wish to find out..

A

if there is a significant difference between the means of 2 samples when there are at least 30 pieces of data in each sample

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12
Q

(SE) data must also show a…

A

normal distribution

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13
Q

t-test is used to determine if there is a …

A

significant difference between the means of 2 samples where the data consists of measurements

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14
Q

t-test samples should be from a …

A

normally distributed population, and there should be at least 15

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15
Q

Suitable graphs for representing ecological data:

A 
line graphs
scatter graphs
histograms
bar graphs
pie charts
pyramids
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16
Q

What does the kite diagram provide:

A

visual display of the changes in population numbers over distance or time

width of each band represents the relative abundance of each organism

17
Q

what data are kite diagrams often used to display:

A

transect data

18
Q

statistical tests are used to assess the…

A

probability of the results of an investigation being due to chance

19
Q

Probability is the likelihood of an…

A

event occurring

20
Q

In statistical tests, probabilities are expressed as a..

A

decimal fraction of one

21
Q

chi squared test compares…

A

observed frequencies with those you would expect under the null hypothesis

22
Q

Standard error and 95% confidence limits compares…

A

2 sets of measurements to see if they are the same or different

23
Q

calculation of standard error and 95% confidence limits is used when you wish to find out..

A

if there is a significant difference between the means of 2 samples when there are at least 30 pieces of data in each sample

24
Q

(SE) data must also show a…

A

normal distribution

25
Q

t-test is used to determine if there is a …

A

significant difference between the means of 2 samples where the data consists of measurements

26
Q

t-test samples should be from a …

A

normally distributed population, and there should be at least 15

27
Q

Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r is a technique for investigating the relationship between

A

2 quantitative, continuous variables

E.g. Body length and mass

28
Q

Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r is a measure of the strength of the association between two variables that are

A

Normally distributed

29
Q

Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r the first step in studying the relationship between 2 continuous variables is to draw a scatter plot of the variables to check for linearity. The correlation coefficient should not be calculate if the relationship is not

A

Linear

30
Q

Spearman rank correlation test is used to find out if there is a significant association between 2 sets of measurements, consisting of between

A

7&30 pairs

31
Q

Spearman rank correlation is usually chosen when the data is not

A

Normally distributed

A2 Chapter 11 (7 decks)

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