1.1.3 Regulating genes : What to make today Flashcards

1
Q

What is a proteome ?

A

The proteins produced by an organism , different cells do different things, each cell cannot produce the entire proteome

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2
Q

What is gene regulation?

A

Cells need to pick and choose which proteins they produce, in what quantities and at what times

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3
Q

What are exons ?

A

bits of the gene that form the code of the protein

translated

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4
Q

What are introns ?

A

Introns are the unnecessary uncoding parts. They are removed in RNA processing

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5
Q

What is the promotor ?

A

The part of the gene that RNA polymerase binds to. The promotor tells RNA polymerase where the gene is and where to begin reading

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6
Q

What is the operator?

A

It is a region of the gene to which a repressor protein binds

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7
Q

What is a repressor protein?

A

A protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes.

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8
Q

What happens when a repressor protein is bound to the gene?

A

RNA polymerase cannot bind and therefore the gene will not be expressed.

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9
Q

What is an operon?

A

An operon is a special kind of gene that codes for multiple proteins at once!

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10
Q

Trp operon

A

Those proteins work together to synthesize the amino acid tryptophan

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11
Q

Explain the Trp Operon

A

If there is an abundance of tryptophan in the cell - No more needs to be made ( waste of time and resources )

If the cell is low on tryptophan it needs to make more

The Trp Operon involves a mechanism that allows the gene to be expressed when tryptophan is low and switch off when it is high

Cells that have the Trp Operon produce a protein called the Trp repressor. The protein is only active if tryptophan binds to it. When it is active, the repressor will bind to the operator region of the operon . This prevents RNA polymerase and blocks transcription .

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