11.2 Movement Flashcards
What systems control movement?
skeletal system
muscular system
nervous system
How does the skeletal system help coordinate movement?
consists of bones that act as levers and provide a structure for the muscles to pull
How does the muscular system help coordinate movement?
muscles deliver the force required to move one bone in relation to another
How does the nervous system help coordinate movement?
delivers signals to the muscles which cause them to contract and create movement
What are skeletons?
Skeletons are a rigid framework that function to provide support and protection for body organs
What two types of skeleton are there? (dependent on location)
Skeletons can be internal (endoskeletons) or external (exoskeletons) depending on the organism
What is the difference between endo and exo skeletons?
Endoskeletons typically consist of numerous bones, while exoskeletons are comprised of connected segments
What connects to skeletons?
Skeletons provide a surface for muscle attachment and thus facilitate the movement of an organism
What do bones and exoskeletons act as?
Bones and exoskeletons act as levers, moving in response to muscular contraction
What are bones connected to other bones by?
Bones are connected to other bones by ligaments
What are muscles connected to bones by?
bones are connected to muscles by tendons
What are synovial joints?
Synovial joints are capsules that surround the articulating surfaces of two bones (i.e. where the bones connect)
What is the role of joints?
Joints function to maintain structural stability by allowing certain movements but not others
What are the 3 components of synovial joints?
joint capsule
cartilage
synovial fluid
What is the role of joint capsules in synovial joints?
Seals the joint space and provides stability by restricting the range of possible movements
What is the role of cartilage in synovial joints?
Lines the bone surface to facilitate smoother movement, as well as absorbing shock and distributing load
What is the role of synovial fluid in synovial joints?
Provides oxygen and nutrition to the cartilage, as well as lubrication (reduces friction)
What are the 6 types of joint?
List in order of ranges or movement/mobility
Plane joints (least mobility), hinge joints, pivot joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, ball and socket joints (most mobility)
What type of joint is the human elbow?
The human elbow joint is an example of a hinge joint that is located between the humerus and radius / ulna
What type of movement is the elbow joint capable of?
It is capable of angular movement in one direction (i.e. flexion and extension only)
A small amount of rotation may be possible, but excessive multiaxial movement will cause injury
What are the 3 bones in the elbow joint?
humerus
radius
ulna
What is the function of the humerus?
anchors muscle (muscle origin)
What is the role of the radius?
acts as a forearm lever for biceps
What is the role of the ulna?
acts as a forearm lever for triceps