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Epi midterm II > 11.11.2019 - version 1 > Flashcards

11.11.2019 - version 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The African swine fever virus is highly resistant against the environmental conditions

A

T

environment for 100-200 days, years in the freezer

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2
Q

The ASF virus can be detected by hemagglutination test

A 
F
possessess hemadsorption (need to cell culture: RBC will be absorbed by infected cells)
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3
Q

In Europe the main route of infection is the transmission of the ASF virus by ticks

A

F

main route is PO infection, but tick bites may also transmit in

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4
Q

The primary replication sites of ASF virus are the tonsils and lymph nodes

A

T

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5
Q

The leading clinical sign in ASF is excess salivation

A

F

fever is the leading clinical sign. they are influenced by the virulence of the strains

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6
Q

In case of ASF enlarged spleen is observed during necropsy

A

T

6x larger, black - characterstic for ASF

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7
Q

The buttons in the intestines are characteristic pathological findings in case of ASF

A

F

correct for CSF in subacute and chronic infections, but not present in ASF

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8
Q

In the control of ASF decreasing the wild boar populations is helpful

A

T

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9
Q

The replication time of FMD virus is over one day

A

F

shedding starts 9 hours after infection, extremely contagious, fast spreading (no time to react and control)

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10
Q

The FMD virus can retain its infectivity for 40 days in manure

A

T

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11
Q

The FMD virus is classified into 7 serotypes

A

T
A and O found worldwide
C is rare

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12
Q

We can observe the most severe FMD signs on sheep

A

F

mild symptoms in sheep and goat (although vescile formation may be quite severe in goat)

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13
Q

FMD can be transmitted by frozen meat

A

T

can live for months in frozen meat

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14
Q

Ruminants can carry FMD virus for up to 3 years

A

T

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15
Q

FMD can cause myocarditis in young animals

A

T

Zenker necrosis -> tiger heart

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16
Q

In the control of FMD vaccines are used in Europe

A

F
EU is currently free, just sporadic outbreaks. Use control measures, eradication programs.
Vaccination only used in endemic areas.

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17
Q

Teschen disease is frequent all over the world

A

F

endemic in Middle-Europe and Madagaskar

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18
Q

The main clinical sign of Teschen disease in sheep is pneumonia

A

F

only pigs are susceptible

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19
Q

The virus of Teschen disease is shed in the faeces for several weeks after infection

A

T

7-8 weeks with feces (resistant)

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20
Q

Lameness is a typical clinical sign of Teschen disease

A

T

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21
Q

Only pigs are susceptible to the swine vesicular disease virus

A

T

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22
Q

The resistance of swine vesicular disease virus is very low, it cannot survive in the environment

A

F

Enterovirus: good resistance (non-enveloped)

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23
Q

Swine vesicular disease virus replicates in the epithelium of the throat and tonsils

A

T

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24
Q

Swine vesicular disease virus cannot cause viremia

A

F

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25
Q

Ducks are infected with the duck hepatitis A virus generally per os

A

T

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26
Q

Duck hepatitis A virus does not cause viraemia

A

F

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27
Q

Spasmodical paddling is a frequent clinical sign of duck hepatitis

A

T

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28
Q

Duck hepatitis cannot be prevented with vaccination

A

F

inactivated: layers, boosters
attenuated: layers, day-old ducklings

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29
Q

The VES infection results in clinical signs similar to that of FMD

A

T

dd: FMD, SVD, VSV

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30
Q

The Feline calicivirus infection can be recognized by the ulcers seen on the tongue

A

T

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31
Q

RHD virus is transmitted by mosquitoes

A

F

fecooral route, PO infection, or transmission by flies

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32
Q

The avian hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease

A

F

Hepatitis E is zoonotic, but not the chicken/avian kind

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33
Q

There are several virulency variants of bursitis virus

A

T

34
Q

Bursitis virus is shed in the faeces

A

T

shedding with feces for 2 weeks

35
Q

Bursitis virus targets the premature B lymphocytes

A

T

36
Q

Vaccines are available to control Gumboro disease

A 
T
attenuated 
immunocomplex 
recombinant vector 
inactivated
37
Q

Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks

A

F
EEE: bird - mosquito cycle
WEE: bird - mosquito - rodent
VEE: horse - mosquito - horse

38
Q

Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus

A

T

WEE: bird - mosquito - rodent

39
Q

Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

A

F

40
Q

Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent rotavirus infections

A

T

41
Q

Genetic reassortment may cause significant antigenic changes in reovirus strains

A

T

42
Q

Orbiviruses spread by droplet (aerogen) infection

A

F

it is an arbovirus (need arthropod vector for transmission)

43
Q

Bluetongue disease occurs only in Africa

A

F

has african origin, but worldwide occurrence

44
Q

Bluetongue is named after the cyanosis of the tongue

A

T

45
Q

Lameness is frequent symptom of blue tongue in sheep

A

T

erosions of hoofs, and muscle damages -> lameness

46
Q

The subacute form of African horse sickness is causing oedema formation and heart failure

A

T
edema: around eyes, lips, head, tongue, throat (“hippo head”)
heart failure: cause of death, 4-8 days after onset of CS

47
Q

Wild birds play the most important role in the spreading of African horse sickness

A

F
midges = biological vector
mosquito, ticks (rare) = mechanical vector

AHSV is an orbivirus, which is an arbovirus

48
Q

Horse encephalitis occurs only in America

A

F

49
Q

Rotaviruses cause mainly respiratory signs in cattle

A

F

will cause GI signs (massive diarrhea)

50
Q

Losses due to rotavirus infection of young animals can be prevented by colostrum-feeding

A

T

51
Q

Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in calves

A

T

52
Q

Avian orthoreoviruses cause mainly nephritis and encephalitis

A

F
tenosynovitis-arthritis, PEMS, helicopter disease, malabsorption syndrome, hydropericardium, resp. disease, immunosuppression.

53
Q

Louping ill is transmitted by mosquitoes and midges

A

F

principle vector: ixodes ricinus -> tick

54
Q

Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus

A

T

humans and horses are dead-end hosts (no shedding of virus)

55
Q

The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses

A

T

56
Q

Pestiviruses are arboviruses

A

F

57
Q

Cattle which are immune-tolerant to BVD virus may develop Mucosal Disease

A

T
The development of MD can happen in two ways:
1. a persistently ncp-BVDV infected cattle is superinfected with a cp-BVDV strain
2. the ncp-BVDV strain mutates to become a cp-BVDV strain

58
Q

Cytopathic strains of the Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause abortions

A

T

59
Q

Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is caused by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)

A

F

idiopathic, may be an effect of BVD vaccine (but not the virus/infection itself)

60
Q

The border disease is present only in the United Kingdom

A

F

first description of disease in UK, but worldwide occurrence

61
Q

Classical swine fever virus strains are classified into several serotypes

A

F

serologically uniform

62
Q

CSF virus targets the lymphatic tissues

A

T

63
Q

Because of endothelial damage CSF results in haemorrhages

A

T

64
Q

Among CSF clinical signs CNS and eye problems can be observed

A

T

65
Q

CSF infection in the 2nd half of the pregnancy leads to foetal development problems

A

F

1st half of pregnancy: abortion, premature birth, weak trembling piglets, splayleg, immunotolerant piglets

2nd half of pregnancy: less damaged, immunocompetent piglets

66
Q

Kidney haemorrhage is a characteristic pathological lesion of CSF

A

T

67
Q

In subacute CSF we can observe signs of pneumonia during necropsies

A

T

68
Q

In Europe it is obligatory to vaccinate against CSF

A

F
Europe is generally free from CSF, and in these cases the prevention of introduction is more important + follow contingency plan as it is a notifiable disease

69
Q

All bunyaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes

A

F

most except Hantavirus

70
Q

Schmallenberg virus causes foetal damages in pigs

A

F

disease of ruminants (mainly dairy cows and sheep)

71
Q

Rift Valley fever is a human-only disease

A

F

ruminants + humans

72
Q

Nairobi sheep disease causes a generalized infection in the animal

A

T

73
Q

Influenza viruses are classified into genera by their NP and M1 proteins

A

T

74
Q

HA protein of influenza viruses is responsible for the attachment to the cell

A

T

HA is found on the cell surface = receptor protein

75
Q

Anti-neuraminidase drugs inhibit the decapsidation of influenza viruses

A

F

that is anti-M2 drugs

76
Q

Influenza viruses are sensitive to detergents

A

T

drying out, high temperatures, UV light and detergents inactivate the virus

77
Q

Antigenic shift is behind the influenza pandemies

A

T

78
Q

The main host of influenza is the swine

A

F

natural host: (wild) birds

79
Q

Race horses should be vaccinated before the influenza season

A

F

should be vaccinated before racing season

80
Q

HPAI causes blood vessel damages and generalized infections

A

T

Epi midterm II (3 decks)

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