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Epi midterm II > 11.11.2019 - retake > Flashcards

11.11.2019 - retake Flashcards

1
Q

The African swine fever virus can be disinfected by 2%NaOh within 1 day

A

T

2% NaOH, 0.3% formalin, hypochlorite 30 min, iodine

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2
Q

The immune system cannot neutralize the ASF virus by antibodies

A

T

no virus neutralization: once infected, become persistent infection, lifelong shedding. survival varies

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3
Q

The ASF virus infects the swine by air

A

F

PO infection or tick bites

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4
Q

The ASF virus replicates the bone marrow

A

T

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5
Q

Several virulence variants of ASF virus exist

A

T

highly virulent - intermediate virulent - mild virulent

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6
Q

In acute ASF cases the leading pathological finding is the black and enlarged lymph nodes

A

F?

Hemorrhages all over the body and hyperemia is highlighted in notes (but black (not enlarged) lymph nodes are seen as well)

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7
Q

Stamping out of the infected herds is applied in the control of ASF

A

T

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8
Q

ASF virus is shed in the urine of the infected animals

A

T

Domesticated pigs can shed ASFV in all secretions and excretions including oronasal fluid, blood, urine and feces. http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/african_swine_fever.pdf

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9
Q

The FMD virus is very sensitive to acidic PH

A

T

Highly acidic or alkaline disinfectants needed for inactivation

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10
Q

The FMD virus can retain its infectivity in frozen milk for months

A

T/F
Frozen meat = months
Milk powder = years

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11
Q

FMD virus is serologically uniform

A

F

7 serotypes

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12
Q

Cattle shed FMD virus for a shorter time comparing to swine

A

F
Swine: shed for a few weeks in high titres
cattle: shed for 0.5-3 years

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13
Q

Dogs are susceptible to FMD

A

T

ruminants, pig, guinea pig, hedgehog, dog, human

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14
Q

The primary replication site of FMD is the bone marrow

A

F

primary replication: laryngeal and pharyngeal mucosa

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15
Q

FMD can be carried for long time in the hoof tissue

A

T

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16
Q

For laboratory tests FMD samples should be submitted frozen

A

F

samples should be sent in buffered transport medium, refrigirated or iced and submitted ASAP

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17
Q

Talfan disease occurs in any age group

A

F

in piglets less than 4 months

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18
Q

Haemorrhages are typical post mortem lesions of Talfan disease

A

F

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19
Q

Paralysis is a clinical sign of Talfan disease

A

T

transient paralysis of HL

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20
Q

There is widespread vaccination in Europe for prevention of Talfan disease

A

F

in case of Taflan disease, we wait for seroconversion -> virus eliminated

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21
Q

There is germinative spread in the case of avian encephalomyelitis

A

T

vertical and horizontal transmission

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22
Q

Typical clinical signs of avian encephalomyelitis occur up to 5-6 weeks of age

A

T

clinical signs mainly in 1/2 weeks of age until 4/5 weeks of age. After 5 weeks, chickens are resistant to disease, but not infection

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23
Q

Tremor is a typical clinical sign of avian encephalomyelitis

A

T

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24
Q

Haemorrhages are frequent post mortem lesions of avian encephalomyelitis

A

F

no gross pathological lesions

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25
Q

Avian nephritis is more frequent in waterfowl than in chicken

A

F

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26
Q

Avian nephritis is caused by astrovirus

A

T

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27
Q

Clinical signs of avian nephritis can be seen in the first four weeks of life

A

T

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28
Q

Urate deposition is a post mortem of avian nephritis

A

T

in chronic cases

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29
Q

VES causes mortality in piglets

A

T

mortality in piglets, not in adults

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30
Q

Feline calicivirus can cause persisting infection In the tonsils

A

T

persisting infection in tonsils and nasopharyngeal mucosa

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31
Q

RHD virus propagates in the liver of the infected animals

A

T

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32
Q

The orthohepevirus A can be zoonotic

A

T

causative agent of Hepatitis E.
Humans can get it from swine, but not chicken.

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33
Q

Both serotypes of bursitis virus are pathogenic

A

F

serotype 1 - pathogenic
serotype 2 - non-pathogenic

cross reactions, but no cross protection

34
Q

The bursitis virus mostly causes germinative infection

A

F

infection: PO (most frequent), conjunctival, airborne

35
Q

Clinical signs of Gumboro disease can be seen in chickens younger than 8 days

A

F

36
Q

Bursitis virus infection can reduce the efficacy of vaccinations

A

T

infected at young age -> damage B-cell receptor expression -> weak immune responses against “mild” antigens -> inefficient vaccines

37
Q

Togaviruses cause airborne infection

A

F

arboviruses with mosquito vectors

38
Q

Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus

A

F

EEE: bird - mosquito cycle
WEE: bird - mosquito - rodent cycle
VEE: horse - mosquito - horse cycle

39
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses

A

T

?

40
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human

A

T

infection of mother in 2nd-3rd trimester -> abortion, newborn cerebral necrosis

41
Q

The bluetongue virus is vectored by midges/gnats

A

T

42
Q

Bluetongue occurs only in Africa and Australia

A

F

worldwide

43
Q

Goats are more resistant to the bluetongue than sheep

A

T

44
Q

In Europe vaccination of small ruminants against bluetongue is mandatory

A

F

notifiable disease: restriction measures, eradication, vector control, monitoring

45
Q

The infectious equine arteritis and the African horse sickness may have similar
clinical signs

A

T

46
Q

African horse sickness is spread by ticks

A

F

biological vector: midges
mechanical vector: mosquitoes, rarely ticks

47
Q

Acute form of African horse sickness occurs mainly is zebra and horse

A

F

horse: 4-8 days incubation period
zebra, donkey: 28 days

Horses and mules = most susceptible (severe disease and high mortality)
European and Asian donkeys = less susceptible.
African donkeys and zebras = least susceptible, (rarely experiencing significant disease or mortality)

48
Q

Subcutaneous oedema is a frequent symptom of subacute African horse sickness

A

T

49
Q

Rotavirus are shed in the faeces in high titers

A

T

50
Q

Rotavirus predispose to E. coli infection is sucking piglets

A

T

Frequent simultaneous infections: parvo, corona, astroviruses, E. coli, cryptosporidia

51
Q

Orthoreovirus can cause tenosynovitis in pigs

A

F

orthoreovirus in pigs: diarhea, encephalitis
orthoreovirus in birds: tenosynovitis

52
Q

Mammalian orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis only in sucking animals

A

F

mainly in young animals, but they are protected with maternal antibodies for up to 5 months (at least true for calves)

53
Q

The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species

A

F

vector: ticks
sylvatic = wild mammals

54
Q

The louping Ill was introduced to Australia to control rabbit population

A

F

referring to Rabbit Hemorrhagic disease

55
Q

Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of the bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) are
known

A

T

56
Q

The BVD virus typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues

A

T

57
Q

Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is caused by a bovine viral diarrhea

A

F

58
Q

Persistently infected cattle can maintain BVDC in a farm

A

T

59
Q

Bloody diarrhea is a clinical sign of the mucosal disease

A

T

60
Q

The border disease virus frequently causes encephalitis in ewes

A

F

lambs: hairy shaker syndrome (growth retardation, excessive hair growth, CNS signs)
Ewes: subclinical infection

61
Q

Classical swine fever virus can be transmitted by raw pork products

A

T

62
Q

CSF can cause transplacental infections

A

T

63
Q

CSF infections result in thrombocytopenia

A

T

64
Q

In acute CSF, at the beginning obstipation

A

T

obstipation in the beginning, later bloody diarrhea (seen rarely these days, though)

65
Q

CSF infection during the first of half of pregnancy can lead to abortion

A

T

66
Q

During necropsy of acute CSF cases, haemorrhages can be seen in gastric mucosa

A

T

67
Q

In uncomplicated cases of subacute CSF the normal size spleen can be observed

A

T

68
Q

Wild boars play the main role in the maintenance of CSF virus in endemic areas

A

T

69
Q

All bunyaviruses are vectored by ticks

A

F

arboviruses except for Hantavirus
vectors: mosquitoes or ticks

70
Q

Akabane virus is zoonotic

A

F

Akabane orthobunyavirus is an insect-transmitted virus that causes congenital abnormalities of the central nervous systems in ruminants. No indications of zoonosis.

71
Q

Hantaviruses causes haemorrhagic fever in humans

A

T

hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome

72
Q

Nairobi sheep disease leads to abortion in the infected pregnant animals

A

T

5-100% abortion, all stages of pregnancy

73
Q

The serotype of influenza viruses is determined by their HA and NA proteins

A

T

74
Q

Influenzaviruses are sensitive to drying out

A

T

relatively good resistance
inactivation: drying out, high temperature, UV light, detergents

75
Q

The virulence of avian influenza is determined by the i.v pathogeny index and
mortality

A

T

76
Q

The LPAI causes immunosuppression

A

T

77
Q

Antigenic shift means the reassortment of the influenzavirus genome segments

A

T

78
Q

In swine all influenza variants can be detected

A

F

true for birds

79
Q

Influenza causes persistent infection in horses

A

F

without complications: complete recovery in 2-3 weeks (10 days)
with complications: coughing for months, permanent damages, death

80
Q

In human inactivated vaccines are used for the immunization against influenza

A

T

Epi midterm II (3 decks)

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