11.1 Organic Chemistry, 11.3 Representing the Formulae of Organic Compounds, 11.4 Isomerism & 11.5 Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms Flashcards
1
Q
What is a hydrocarbon?
A
- A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
2
Q
What does it mean for a molecule to be saturated?
A
- It contains only single carbon-carbon bonds
3
Q
What does it mean for a molecule to be unsaturated?
A
- It contains carbon-carbon multiple bonds (including an aromatic ring)
4
Q
What is a homologous series? Required.
A
- A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
5
Q
What is a functional group?
A
- A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a molecule
6
Q
What is an empirical formula? Required.
A
- The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
7
Q
What are structural isomers? Required.
A
- Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
8
Q
What are the 2 ways that covalent bonds break?
A
- Homolytic fission
- Heterolytic fission
9
Q
What is homolytic fission? Required.
A
- Each atom takes one of the electrons from the covalent bond, forming 2 radicals
10
Q
What is a radical? Required.
A
- A species with an unpaired electron
11
Q
How are radicals shown in a reaction mechanism?
A
- There is a dot next to them
12
Q
What is heterolytic fission? Required.
A
- When one of the atoms take both electrons from the covalent bond (this atom becomes a negative ion and the other therefore becomes a positive ion)
13
Q
What is a curly arrow? Required.
A
- The movement of an electron pair, showing either:
- The formation of a covalent bond
- Heterolytic fission
14
Q
What are the 3 types of reactions?
A
- Addition
- Substitution
- Elimination
15
Q
What happens in an addition reaction?
A
- 2 reactant join together to form 1 product
