11 Thermodynamics Flashcards
what are the 2 components present?
surrounding and the system within area of interest
What is the first, second and third law of thermodynamics?
- energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be converted from one form to another, nothing gets lost
- entropy tends to increase over time, entropy cannot decrease spontaneously
- free energy change determines spontaneity of a process, uses Gibbs free energy (G) to calc
what is entropy?
degree of randomness, disorder, energy spread
order becomes disorder eventually over time
Is entropy reversible?
no
cant spread out but cant go from spread out to concentrated
explain with 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics why will it cool down and not heat up?
- energy is conserved, energy gained lost in the system will be gained in the surrounding and vice versa
- entropy cannot decrease spontaneously. heat energy spread from system to surrounding, is irreversible, cant be done spontaneously
What does gibbs free energy (G) tells us
tells us about the spontaneity of the process
What is the formula for Gibbs free energy (G)
free energy change = enthalpy change - absolute temperature (kelvin) x entropy change
what is enthalpy change △H
kinds and numbers of chemical bongs and interactions broken and formed
what is entropy change △S
change in randomness of system
what does a pos or neg gibbs free energy (G) tells us about the spontaneity of the process
if △G is neg = process tends to occur spontaneously
if △G is pos = process does not occur spontaneously
what is an open system?
a system that exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings
which areas demonstrates the 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics?
A-C = 1st law
A-D = 2nd law
not e because there is a decrease in randomness in the system and 2nd law is increase in entropy over time, its doing the reverse instead, its creating order and this process needs energy
What is energy coupling
the sum of △G
what does energy coupling do for biological reactions
its links them
whats an example of energy coupling?
AA -> protein △G is positive, endergonic, using energy
ATP -> ADP+Pi △G is negative, exergonic, breaking = releasing
when reactions are coupled, the sum of △G is negative = overall process is exergonic
How does energy coupling link glucose -> glucose 6-phosphate and ATP -> ADP +Pi together?
Glucose -> glucose 6 phosphate is not a spontaneous reaction
But ATP -> ADP + Pi is highly exergonic and spontaneous
Link tgt and overall is spontaneous process
