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P2 ZOOLOGY > 11 Phylum Annelida > Flashcards

11 Phylum Annelida Flashcards

1
Q

Mostly a free living group of an estimated 15,000 species, found all around the world, in our soil, in rivers and even in the deepest part of the ocean.

A

Phylum Annelida

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2
Q

(annelus) means

A

’’ little rings”

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3
Q

Level of complexity of phylum annelida.

A

Organ-system grade

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4
Q
  • Segmented worms: displays a metameric body plan
  • 15,000 species
  • Worldwide distribution. 1 class is chiefly marine, the rest are freshwater
    and terrestrial.
  • Most free-living, some symbiotic, some ectoparasitic
  • Bilaterally symmetrical, often with distinct head
  • Triploblastic
A

Phylum Annelida

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5
Q

External Body Plan:

A

2 head portion
segmented body portion
epidermis

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6
Q

Head Portion (2 parts)

A

prostomium
peristomium

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7
Q

Part of 1st segment. It is in front of (but does not include) the mouth, usually a small lip-like extension over the mouth. Sometimes bear sensory palps or tentacles.

A

Prostomium

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8
Q

1st TRUE body segment. Directly behind prostomium and contains the mouth.
Predatory/parasitic forms may contain jaws or teeth

A

peristomium

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9
Q

Body is divided into similar segments

A

metameres

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10
Q

externally marked by circular rings in between each metamere.

A

annuli

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11
Q

The terminal/last portion; also bears the anus

A

Pygidium

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12
Q

Epithelium secretes thin outer layer of cuticle made of collagen.

A

Epidermis

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12
Q

Tiny bristles made of chitin found in epidermis.

A

Setae

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13
Q

Short and needle-like in earthworms

A

(Class Oligochaeta)

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14
Q

Long and hair-like in polychaetes

A

( class polychaetes)

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15
Q

Absent in leeches

A

(Class Hirudinida)

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16
Q

(allowing lengthening/shortening of body)

A

inner longitudinal

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16
Q

(allowing increase/decrease in
diameter)

A

outer circular

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16
Q

– has a true body cavity

A

Eucoelomate

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17
Q

hence, eu- means

A

“true”

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18
Q

-coelom means

A

“cavity”

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18
Q

holds organs in place

A

peritoneum

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19
Q

acts like an expanding storage compartment. Absent in some earthworms.

A

crop

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20
Q

– strong, muscular organ. For grounding food and minerals.

A

gizzard

21
Q

the “hearts”, usually 5 pairs. Pumps blood to the 2 main blood vessels

A

Aortic Arches

21
Q

(blood is contained and circulates the body within vessels)

A

closed type Circulatory system

22
Q

which branched off from the major vessels, are found in each segment

A

transverse vessels

22
Q

2 major blood vessels

A

Dorsal blood vessel and Ventral
blood vessel

23
Q

present around the pharynx, and connected to ventral nerve cord

A

cerebral ganglia

23
Q

primitive “kidney” but better than protonephridia (meta- means “higher”)

A

Metanephridia

24
Q

terminal opening where waste and water is excreted out the body; Found near the ventral row of setae in each segment

A

Nephridiopore

25
Q

Some from Class Polychaeta can asexually reproduce by

A

fission and fragmentation/budding

26
Q

Earthworm (Class Oligochaeta) and Leeches (Class Hirudinida)
are:

A

monoecious

26
Q

a thickened glandular, nonsegmented section of body wall near the head in
earthworms and leeches that functions in the storage of eggs

A

clitellum

27
Q

Class Polycheata are:

A

dioecious

28
Q

(poly =_______ + chaite=________)

A

many, long hair

28
Q

Largest class of annelids (>10,000 species)
* Mostly marine, some freshwater
* Has a distinct head
* Mostly live under rocks, coral crevices, or in abandoned shells; Some burrow into mud or sand and build
their own tubes
* Important in marine food chain (eaten by fish, crustaceans, hydroids, etc.)
* Some members are sedentary/sessile, some are errant (free-moving)

A

CLASS POLYCHAETA

29
Q

may have eyes, tentacles, and sensory palps.

A

Prostomium

30
Q

Peristomium may bear setae around mouth or have chitinous teeth or jaws

A

Peristomium

31
Q

sexually immature

A

“atokes”

31
Q

sexually mature

A

“Epitokes”

32
Q

Only class of Annelida with a larval form, called a

A

trocophore

33
Q

(oligus = _____ + chaite = ______)

A

“few, long hair

34
Q

Setae is less numerous than polychaetes and only found on the ventral surface of the first several segments
* Head indistinct/absent (but still display cephalization)
* Number of segments are variable
* Scavengers, feeding on decaying organic matter and
vegetation

A

CLASS OLIGOCHAETA

35
Q

Male genital ducts are found in

A

segment 15

36
Q

Female genital pores are found in

A

segment 14

37
Q

Sperm from mate is received and stored in 2 pairs of
seminal vesicles in

A

segment 9 and 10

38
Q

When mating, worms bring their anterio-ventral surfaces
together and held together by mucus secreted by the

A

clitellum

39
Q

mucus will form a

A

cocoon

40
Q

Setae are absent
* Aquatic; predominantly freshwater, few marine, some moist terrestrials
* More abundant in tropical regions
* Almost flattened dorsoventally
* Known ectoparasites of carnivores and small invertebrates

A

CLASS HIRUDINIDA

40
Q

are considered the “true” leeches

A

CLASS HIRUDINIDA

41
Q

(for cutting through skin in order to feed on blood)

A

Chitinous jaws/cutting plates

41
Q

used for locomotion (instead of setae)

A

anterior and posterior suckers

42
Q

sperm is transferred by a
spermatophore that penetrates the skin of their mate (called

A

hypodermic impregnation

42
Q

This is the largest class of Annelida that is exclusively marine.

A

Polychaeta

43
Q

This refers to the body segment containing the mouth.

A

Peristomium

44
Q

The members of this class do not have setae.

A

Hirudinida

45
Q

How do leeches move around?

A

using suckers

P2 ZOOLOGY (10 decks)

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