11- Pharmacology 2

Question 1

6 rights of Medication administration

Answer 1

1. Patient
2. Drug
3. Dose
4. Route
5. Time
6. Documentation

Question 2

What is medical asepsis

Answer 2

Providing a clean environment

Question 3

6 rules with sharps

Answer 3

1. Dont recap
2. Dont break or bend
3. Dont stick into seat
4. Dont stick into partner
5. Discard in proper puncture proof container
6. Discard container when full

Question 4

4 routes of drug administration and what they generally are

Answer 4

1. Enteral (GI)
2. Parenteral (Injection)
3. Pulmonary (In the lungs)
4. Topical (On the skin)

Question 5

Enteral administration pros (2) and cons (1)

Answer 5

Pros

• Given anywhere in GI tract
• Safest, most convenient, economical

Cons
-Least reliable, slowest route (First pass)

Question 6

6 types of enteral routes

Answer 6

1. Oral absorption
2. Sublingual
3. Buccal
4. Gastric
5. Small intestine
6. Rectal

Question 7

5 types of Parenteral routes

Answer 7

1. Sub Q
2. IM
3. IV
4. Endotracheal
5. IO

Question 8

What 2 things 2 remember with ET administration route

Answer 8

• Multiply dose of IV by 2-2.5 for ET

- Dilute in 10 ml of NS

Question 9

What 5 drugs can be given ET (OLEAN)

Answer 9

O - Oxygen
L - Lidocaine
E - Epinephrine
A - Atropine
N - Narcan

Question 10

What is the form of Pulmonary drug administration

Answer 10

A fine mist (aerosol)

Question 11

What type of effect does the topical route usually have and the only compound type that will work

Answer 11

Local effect

Lipid soluble compounds

Question 12

Slowest to fastest absorption route

Answer 12

Slow
-P.O., SQ

Moderate
-Topical, IM

Rapid
-SL,P.R.,ET, Inhalation

Immediate
-IO, IV, IC

Question 13

Oral route (2)

Answer 13

• Patient sitting up

- Swallowed with 4-8 ounces of fluid

Question 14

Gastric tube (2)

Answer 14

Prior to admin
-30-50 ml into tube, auscultate to confirm tube placement

After admin
-Inject about 30 ml of water

Question 15

Rectal route (2)

Answer 15

Wear gloves

REMOVE the needle

Question 16

Intradermal injections (3)

Answer 16

• TB syringe
• No more than .5 ml
• 10-15 degree angle

Question 17

Subcutaneous (3)

Answer 17

• 1/2 - 5/8 inch, 23 or 25 gauge needle
• No more than .5 ml
• 45 degree angle

Question 18

Intramuscular (3)

Answer 18

• 1.5 - 2 inch needle, 19 - 21 gauge
• No more than 5 ml
• 90 degree angle

Question 19

3 uses of IV

Answer 19

• Fluid admin
• Med administration
• Obtain labs

Question 20

IV catheter types (3)

Answer 20

• Hollow needle (butterfly)
• Indwelling plastic Cath over needle (Angiocath)
• Indwelling plastic Cath through hollow needle (Intracath)

Question 21

Peripheral (3) vs Central (3) venous sites

Answer 21

Peripheral

• Antecubital fossa (AC)
• Extrenal jugular (EJ)
• Long saphenous veins (Legs)

Central

• Fermoal vein
• Internal jugular vein
• Subclavian vein

Question 22

IV complications - Local (5)

Answer 22

• Hematoma
• Thrombosis
• Cellulitis
• Phlebitis
• Extravasation

Question 23

IV complications - Systemic (4)

Answer 23

• Spesis
• PE
• Catheter embolism
• Fiber embolism

Question 24

Indications for an IO (6)

Answer 24

• CPR
• Trauma
• Burns
• Status asthmaticus
• Severe dehydration
• Critically ill/injured under 6 y/o

Question 25

5 routes IV meds are administered including standard IV line

Answer 25

• IV line
• Heparin / saline lock
• Port A Cath (Implanted)
• Hickman Cath (Partially implanted)
• Main Line (Directly into vein)

Question 26

Considerations for pedi patients (4)

Answer 26

• Honest
• Let them help
• Mild restraint prn
• Allow parents to help
• Younger the child the smaller the margin of error