Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sinclair Paramedic 2105 > 10- Pharmacology 1 > Flashcards

10- Pharmacology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a drug

A

Any substance taken into the body to treat or prevent a disease or condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 drug names

A
  • Chemical
  • Generic/Nonproprietary
  • Trade/Brand/Proprietary
  • Offical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the number after a drug name mean

A

The greater the number the greater the amount of a controlled substance is added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What acts/agencies were created in 1906, 1938 and 1970

A

1906- Pure food and drug act (To list ingredient on things)

1938- FDA

1970- DEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 2 references for OFFICIALLY approved drugs

A

USP - US pharmacopeia

NF - National Formulary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What act came out in 1970 and its purpose

A

Controlled substance act

Created drug schedules according to abuse potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain each of the 5 drug schedules

A

1 (C-I) - High abuse, no medical use (Heroin, LSD)

2 (C-II) - High abuse, little medical use (Morphine, Cocaine, Opiates)

3 (C-III) - Some abuse, limited amounts of morphine, codeine

4 (C-IV) - Limited abuse (Valium, Chloral hydrate)

5 (C-V) - Lowest abuse, best medical value (Cold substances, OTC meds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the FDA regulate

A
  • General safety standards

- Approve/Remove unsafe products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the DEA regulate

A
  • ONLY controlled substances

- Enforces laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a legend drug

A

Prescription is needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What to know about drugs (8)

A
  • Names
  • Indications
  • Actions
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Side effects
  • Interactions
  • Dosage/Route
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposing-effect of 2 drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Affinity

A

Propensity of a drug to attach to something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Efficacy

A

Able to initiate activity as a result of binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Agonist

A

A drug that attaches and enhances something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 mechanisms of drug action

A
  • Biochemical reaction between drug and certain body (usually receptors)
  • Drugs modify existing functions NOT make new ones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 2 types of drug interactions the definitions

A

Pharmacokinetic - The study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time

Pharmacodynamic - The drugs effect on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The 4 step pharmacokinetics of a drug

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Distribution
  3. Metabolism (Bio transformation)
  4. Excretion

(ADME)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is drug absorption

A

The movement of drug molecules from the site of entry to the general circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What 3 things does rate of absorption depend on

A
  • Route
  • Dose
  • Dose form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does absorption differ between single vs multi layer of cells and greater vs small surface area

A
  • Single layer faster than multi layer

- Greater surface area faster than smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does a richer blood supply differ from a poor blood supply in absorption

A

Rich blood supply enhances absorption

Poor blood supply delays it

23
Q

What is the purpose of a loading dose

A

To get the drug into its therapeutic index range

24
Q

What is a drugs therapeutic index

A

The range at which a drug will work

25
What is the purpose of a maintenance dose
A drip to keep a drug in its therapeutic range
26
Where is a drug usually distributed
To organs with a rich blood supply
27
What are barriers and 2 examples
Areas that do not easily allow drugs to pass through - Blood brain barrier - Placental barrier
28
What is bio transformation and the primary site
The process by which the drug is chemically converted to a metabolite Liver
29
What is the purpose of bio transformation
To de-to icy a drug and render it less active | Metabolize it
30
What is 1st pass
The alteration of a medication via metabolism within the GI tract before it reaches systemic circulation
31
What are 4 causes of prolonged metabolism
-Liver disease -Renal disease -Cardiovascular dysfunction Extreme age
32
What is the primary organ of excretion
Kidneys
33
What is pharmacodynamics
The study of how a drug acts on a living organism
34
What 5 roles do/can drugs play in the body
- Increase number of receptor sites - Decrease number of receptor sites - Stimulate receptors - Block receptors - Antagonize other drugs at receptors
35
Main reason for bicarb in a tricyclic antidepressant OD
Bicarb sticks to the molecules making them too big to pass through things and have an effect
36
4 responses of drug administration
- Desired effect - Allergic reaction - Dependance - Interaction
37
4 responses of drug interactions
- Potentiates - Summation - Synergistic - Tolerance
38
What does it mean for drugs to potentiate
One drug increases the effects of another in general | Ex. Drug A + Drug B
39
What does drug summation mean
Two drugs equal the sum of the individual drugs | Ex. Drug A (2) + Drug B (3) = 5
40
What does drug synergism mean
Two drugs exceed the sum of the individual drugs | Ex. Drug A (2) + Drug B (3) = 9
41
What does it mean for drug tolerance
The build up of resistance to a drug
42
What is therapeutic reaction
Desired action fo a drug
43
What is cumulative action
Drugs add onto the initial dose and stay in the body system and increase toxic effects
44
What is idiosyncrasy
Abnormal response to a drug
45
What is an untoward effect
Side effect that is harmful
46
8 factors that alter drug response
- Age - Body mass - Sex - Environment - Time of admin - Disease state - Genetics - Psychological factors
47
What to keep in mind with geriatrics
Underlying disease process produces unexpected results and you don’t know how bad their disease state is
48
What to keep in mind with pediatrics
- They are typically over sensitive | - Easy to OD
49
What to keep in mind with pregnant patients
-Drugs have not been well tested
50
What is the formula for concentration
Concentration = Mass / Volume
51
What are the typical blood and plasma volumes in an adult male
Blood volume ~ 5L Plasma volume ~ 2.5L Plasma volume is blood volume - cells
52
What is a bolus
All at once
53
What is the formula for bioavailability
Bioavailability = AUC route / AUC IV

Sinclair Paramedic 2105 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions