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Sinclair Paramedic 2105 > 10- Pharmacology 1 > Flashcards

10- Pharmacology 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a drug

A

Any substance taken into the body to treat or prevent a disease or condition

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2
Q

What are the 4 drug names

A
  • Chemical
  • Generic/Nonproprietary
  • Trade/Brand/Proprietary
  • Offical
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3
Q

What does the number after a drug name mean

A

The greater the number the greater the amount of a controlled substance is added

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4
Q

What acts/agencies were created in 1906, 1938 and 1970

A

1906- Pure food and drug act (To list ingredient on things)

1938- FDA

1970- DEA

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5
Q

What are 2 references for OFFICIALLY approved drugs

A

USP - US pharmacopeia

NF - National Formulary

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6
Q

What act came out in 1970 and its purpose

A

Controlled substance act

Created drug schedules according to abuse potential

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7
Q

Explain each of the 5 drug schedules

A

1 (C-I) - High abuse, no medical use (Heroin, LSD)

2 (C-II) - High abuse, little medical use (Morphine, Cocaine, Opiates)

3 (C-III) - Some abuse, limited amounts of morphine, codeine

4 (C-IV) - Limited abuse (Valium, Chloral hydrate)

5 (C-V) - Lowest abuse, best medical value (Cold substances, OTC meds)

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8
Q

What does the FDA regulate

A
  • General safety standards

- Approve/Remove unsafe products

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9
Q

What does the DEA regulate

A
  • ONLY controlled substances

- Enforces laws

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10
Q

What is a legend drug

A

Prescription is needed

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11
Q

What to know about drugs (8)

A
  • Names
  • Indications
  • Actions
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Side effects
  • Interactions
  • Dosage/Route
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12
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposing-effect of 2 drugs

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13
Q

Affinity

A

Propensity of a drug to attach to something

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14
Q

Efficacy

A

Able to initiate activity as a result of binding

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15
Q

Agonist

A

A drug that attaches and enhances something

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16
Q

2 mechanisms of drug action

A
  • Biochemical reaction between drug and certain body (usually receptors)
  • Drugs modify existing functions NOT make new ones
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17
Q

What are 2 types of drug interactions the definitions

A

Pharmacokinetic - The study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time

Pharmacodynamic - The drugs effect on the body

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18
Q

The 4 step pharmacokinetics of a drug

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Distribution
  3. Metabolism (Bio transformation)
  4. Excretion

(ADME)

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19
Q

What is drug absorption

A

The movement of drug molecules from the site of entry to the general circulation

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20
Q

What 3 things does rate of absorption depend on

A
  • Route
  • Dose
  • Dose form
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21
Q

How does absorption differ between single vs multi layer of cells and greater vs small surface area

A
  • Single layer faster than multi layer

- Greater surface area faster than smaller

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22
Q

How does a richer blood supply differ from a poor blood supply in absorption

A

Rich blood supply enhances absorption

Poor blood supply delays it

23
Q

What is the purpose of a loading dose

A

To get the drug into its therapeutic index range

24
Q

What is a drugs therapeutic index

A

The range at which a drug will work

25
Q

What is the purpose of a maintenance dose

A

A drip to keep a drug in its therapeutic range

26
Q

Where is a drug usually distributed

A

To organs with a rich blood supply

27
Q

What are barriers and 2 examples

A

Areas that do not easily allow drugs to pass through

  • Blood brain barrier
  • Placental barrier
28
Q

What is bio transformation and the primary site

A

The process by which the drug is chemically converted to a metabolite

Liver

29
Q

What is the purpose of bio transformation

A

To de-to icy a drug and render it less active

Metabolize it

30
Q

What is 1st pass

A

The alteration of a medication via metabolism within the GI tract before it reaches systemic circulation

31
Q

What are 4 causes of prolonged metabolism

A

-Liver disease
-Renal disease
-Cardiovascular dysfunction
Extreme age

32
Q

What is the primary organ of excretion

A

Kidneys

33
Q

What is pharmacodynamics

A

The study of how a drug acts on a living organism

34
Q

What 5 roles do/can drugs play in the body

A
  • Increase number of receptor sites
  • Decrease number of receptor sites
  • Stimulate receptors
  • Block receptors
  • Antagonize other drugs at receptors
35
Q

Main reason for bicarb in a tricyclic antidepressant OD

A

Bicarb sticks to the molecules making them too big to pass through things and have an effect

36
Q

4 responses of drug administration

A
  • Desired effect
  • Allergic reaction
  • Dependance
  • Interaction
37
Q

4 responses of drug interactions

A
  • Potentiates
  • Summation
  • Synergistic
  • Tolerance
38
Q

What does it mean for drugs to potentiate

A

One drug increases the effects of another in general

Ex. Drug A + Drug B

39
Q

What does drug summation mean

A

Two drugs equal the sum of the individual drugs

Ex. Drug A (2) + Drug B (3) = 5

40
Q

What does drug synergism mean

A

Two drugs exceed the sum of the individual drugs

Ex. Drug A (2) + Drug B (3) = 9

41
Q

What does it mean for drug tolerance

A

The build up of resistance to a drug

42
Q

What is therapeutic reaction

A

Desired action fo a drug

43
Q

What is cumulative action

A

Drugs add onto the initial dose and stay in the body system and increase toxic effects

44
Q

What is idiosyncrasy

A

Abnormal response to a drug

45
Q

What is an untoward effect

A

Side effect that is harmful

46
Q

8 factors that alter drug response

A
  • Age
  • Body mass
  • Sex
  • Environment
  • Time of admin
  • Disease state
  • Genetics
  • Psychological factors
47
Q

What to keep in mind with geriatrics

A

Underlying disease process produces unexpected results and you don’t know how bad their disease state is

48
Q

What to keep in mind with pediatrics

A
  • They are typically over sensitive

- Easy to OD

49
Q

What to keep in mind with pregnant patients

A

-Drugs have not been well tested

50
Q

What is the formula for concentration

A

Concentration = Mass / Volume

51
Q

What are the typical blood and plasma volumes in an adult male

A

Blood volume ~ 5L
Plasma volume ~ 2.5L

Plasma volume is blood volume - cells

52
Q

What is a bolus

A

All at once

53
Q

What is the formula for bioavailability

A

Bioavailability = AUC route / AUC IV

Sinclair Paramedic 2105 (9 decks)

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