11 osteogenesis and joints

Question 0

In Intramembranous growth, individual Trabeculae enlarge by what general type of bone growth? (locationally)

Answer 0

Appositional growth.

Primary bone tissue formation begins as interstitial process and then soon becomes appositional.

Question 1

What is the main difference between intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification?

Answer 1

Intramembranous ossification doesn’t need to begin with Cartilage, but simply is an aggregate of mesenchymal cells that differentiate directly into osteoid-producing osteoblasts. Where endochondral ossification must be cartilage that is replaced with osteocytes.

Question 2

Mesenchymal cells are what kind of cells and what do they become?

Answer 2

stem cells, or MSCs, are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types,[1] including: osteoblasts (bone cells),[2] chondrocytes (cartilage cells),[3] and adipocytes (fat cells).

Question 3

•Osteoblasts secrete osteoid, trapping some of the osteoblasts, this process gives rise to the Large encompassing structure called the ____________.

Answer 3

blastema

Question 4

•Trapped osteoblasts become ___________ and these collectively form whats referred to as a _________ ________ within the bone blastema.

Answer 4

Osteocytes

functional syncytium

Question 5

Primary bone is formed from a bone blastema with the use of Calcium via what process?

Answer 5

Mineralization

Question 6

•Mineralization occurs via ________ ions.

Answer 6

calcium

Question 7

what is Osteoid?

Answer 7

the matrix of the bone

Question 8

Osteoid includes __________ & __________ proteins

Answer 8

collagen I and non-collagen

Question 9

Primary ossification center becomes a _____________.

Answer 9

trabecula

Question 10

Numerous trabeculae fuse together to form ______ ______.

Answer 10

spongy bone

Question 11

Which cell initiates the modeling of bone tissue?

Answer 11

Osteoclasts

Question 11

____________ form an epithelial-like covering over the surface of primary bone tissue and can secrete more osteoid on the surface.

Answer 11

Osteoblasts

Question 13

the mesenchymal cells located near the periosteal surface, condense to form the _____________.

Answer 13

periosteum

Question 14

Intramembranous bone. aka Membrane bone, usually consists of two layers of ________ ______ enclosing a layer of ______ _____ (diploe).

Answer 14

compact bone

spongy bone

Question 15

In Intramembranous Bone Formation, Initial bone arrangement is referred to as, _______ bone, as collagen fibers are arranged randomly. Later, arrangement of collagen fibers become aligned and the bone becomes __________. Does this eventually become compact or cancellous bone?

Answer 15

woven
lamellar
Compact

Question 16

•____________ may become symmetrically arranged around a blood vessel forming an osteon.

Answer 16

Lamellae

Question 17

The proper name for a complex created by an osteon Is?

Answer 17

(Haversian system).

Question 18

Osteoblasts organize thin trabeculae of woven bone, forming an IRREGULAR network called ___________ ____________.

Answer 18

primary spongiosa

Question 19

Another name for spongy bone and/or what does primary spongiosa persist as?

Answer 19

Cancellous bone

Question 20

does hematopoietic form in Compact or Cancellous bone?

Answer 20

Cancellous

Question 21

T/F in Endochondral Bone Formation you start with cartilage and then it becomes bone.

Answer 21

False, bone REPLACES Cartilage.

Question 22

Hypertrophic cartilage cells undergo ____________, leaving behind thin strands of calcified matrix.

Answer 22

apoptosis

Question 23

T/F its the calcified matrix, left behind from the cartilage that then becomes the bone?

Answer 23

F, Osteoblasts use calcified strands of matrix as substrates for deposition of osteoid, which the osteoid is then what is calcified and becomes bone. NOT the strands of matrix.

Question 24

Cartilage becomes ____________, resulting in some breakdown and
rearrangement of cartilage matrix.

Answer 24

vascularized

Question 25

One type of cartilage mentioned in the slides, that endochondral ossification occurs too?

Answer 25

hyaline

Question 26

In Endochondral Bone Formation, the other layer of the newly forming bone is originally called ? what does this become eventually and how so?

Answer 26

Perichondrium
periosteum
cells derived from initial perichondrium begin to secrete osteoid appositionally.

Question 27

Secondary ossification centers occur in the ____________. and is this part of the bone the head or shaft?

Answer 27

epiphyses

Head

Question 28

Ossification occurs first in the ____________. And is this part of the bone the Head or the shaft?

Answer 28

diaphysis

Shaft

Question 29

TQ - Diameter of developing bone increases due to which of our 2 major types of bone growth? and Length of bone due to?

Answer 29

appositional

endochondral

Question 30

Each epiphysis is separated from

the diaphysis by a plate of __________ ______________.

Answer 30

hyaline cartilage