1.1 Momomers and Polymers

Question 1

What is molecular biology

Answer 1

the study of chemicals found in living organisms

Question 2

explain covalent bonding

Answer 2

atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell, creating a more stable compound, a molecule is formed

Question 3

explain ionic bonding

Answer 3

ions with opposite charges attract, the ionic bonds create electrostatic attraction, these are weaker than covalent bonds

Question 4

explain hydrogen bonding

Answer 4

the negative charged region and the positive region of another molecule attract, a weak electrostatic bond is formed

Question 5

what do monomers form together to make and by what process

Answer 5

momomers join together to make polymers, this is called polymerisation

Question 6

monomers of a polymer are usually based on what?

Answer 6

carbon

Question 7

are polyethylene and polyesters made by living organisms

Answer 7

no, they are industrially produced

Question 8

are polysaccharides, polypeptides and polynucleotides made by living organisms

Answer 8

yes, they are all made by living organisms

Question 9

what is the basic sub-unit of a polysaccharide?

Answer 9

a monosaccharide, e.g. glucose

Question 10

what is the basic subunit for a polynucleotide?

Answer 10

a mononucleotide

Question 11

polypeptides are formed by what?

Answer 11

linking peptides that have amino acids as their subunit

Question 12

explain condensation

Answer 12

each time a new sub-unit is attached in polymerisation, a molecule is water is formed

Question 13

give 2 examples of a condensation reaction

Answer 13

amino acids to polypeptides

monosaccharide glucose to polysaccharide starch

Question 14

explain hydrolysis

Answer 14

water molecules break bonds linking sun-units units in a polymer

Question 15

what does hydrolysis literally mean

Answer 15

hydro=water

lysis=splitting

Question 16

give two examples of hydrolysis

Answer 16

polypeptides to amino acids

starch to glucose

Question 17

what do nucleotides condensate to

Answer 17

polynucleotides (nucleic acids)

Question 18

polysaccharides (carbohydrates) in hydrolysis make?

Answer 18

monosaccharides

Question 19

what do lipids in hydrolysis make?

Answer 19

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

what do fatty acids and glycerol condensate to make?

Answer 20

lipids

Question 21

what do amino acids condensate to?

Answer 21

polypeptides (proteins)

Question 22

what is a metabolism

Answer 22

all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism

Question 23

what type of bonding is used to make polymers?

Answer 23

covalent bonds

Question 24

examples of polymers

Answer 24

protein, DNA, starch

Question 25

``` which of the following is polymer? monosaccharide amino acids starch nucleotide ```

Answer 25

starch is a polymer

Question 26

give 3 examples of monomers

Answer 26

amino acids, monosaccharide, nucleotides

Question 27

is fructose a monomer or a polymer

Answer 27

fructose is a monosacchariden - it is found in fruit

Question 28

are enzymes a polymer or a monomer

Answer 28

enzymes are a polymer- made up of polypeptide chains

Question 29

what are the use of smaller biological molecules?

Answer 29

to from larger molecules (e.g. carbohydrates) that can be used around the body in order for the organism to survive

Question 30

does condensation release or take in water

Answer 30

condensation relaxes water and bonds the smaller components into larger molecules

Question 31

what does condensation of amino acids produce

Answer 31

proteins

Question 32

what does the condensation of two monosaccharides produce

Answer 32

disaccharides

Question 33

what does the condensation of fatty acids produce

Answer 33

lipids

Question 34

what is hydrolysis important

Answer 34

to split larger molecules into smaller ones, so they can easily diffuse into cells or be transported using protein channels

Question 35

what does hydrolysis of proteins produce

Answer 35

amino acids

Question 36

what do hydrolysis of carbohydrates produce

Answer 36

monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 37

what does hydrolysis of lipids produce

Answer 37

fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 38

what do nucleotides combine to produce

Answer 38

DNA

Question 39

is what we a by-product of condensation

Answer 39

water IS a by product of condensation