11 – Mitochondria I

Question 1

Mitochondria structure (7)

Answer 1

Intermembrane space
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Matrix
Boundary membrane
Crista junction
Cristae

Question 2

Mitochondria can form a complex of network of tubes

Answer 2

MOstly made of long filaments

Network is Dynamic, Can fragment & reform through processes: Fission & fusion

Question 3

Mitochondria were…once

Answer 3

bacteria

Ancestral eukaryotic cells –> found prokaryote –> endosymbiosis (engulfed)

Question 4

what drove the endosymbiosis?

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration
-use oxygen to slwo burn nutrients& produce max amount of energy (ATP) from this metabolic process

Question 5

Mitochondria make their own…& segregate their own…

what is the questions arose from this?

Answer 5

ribosomes & segregate their own DNA

is this proof for endosymbiosis?

Question 6

what proved endosymbiosis? and how does the experiment work

Answer 6

Sequence analysis – sanger
Sequences of superoxide dismutase

-E.coli with different superoxide dismutase = similar to mitochondrial superoxide dismutase

Question 7

Mitochondria have their own

Answer 7

genetic code
-code has diverged
-want small genome

different mitochondria have different genome, different mitochondria for different groups of organisms have different changes
= due to ecolutionary pressure on having small circular DNA copy inside mitochondria

Question 8

Mitochondrial complexes build with:

Answer 8

combination of nuclear & mtDNA genes
-protein encoded in nuclear
-protein encoded in mitochodnria on mitochondrial DNA