1.1: Laboratory techniques Flashcards
Stepwise method of diluting a sample where each dilution is by a factor of 10 e.g. 10^0, 10^-1,10^-2 etc.
Log dilution series
A stepwise method of diluting a sample where each dilution is by an equal amount, e.g. 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 M.
Linear dilution series
Graph produced from a number of samples of known concentration. Can be used to determine the concentration of an unknown.
Standard curve
Solution used to keep the pH constant during a reaction.
Buffer
Apparatus used to estimate the concentration of a solution by measuring the light absorbed by or transmitted through it.
Colorimeter
Apparatus used to separate large and small components of a sample due to differences in density.
Centrifuge
What is the name for the more dense component in a centrifuge tube and the name for the less dense components in a centrifuge tube
Less dense= Supernatant
More dense= Pellet
Technique used to separate proteins or amino acids due to their differential solubility in the solvent and absorption to paper, or other stationary phase.
Chromatography
Types of chromatography
- Thin layer
-Paper - Affinity
Charged macromolecules move through an electric field applied to a gel matrix.
Gel electrophoresis
What substances can paper and thin layer chromatography be used to separate?
Different substances such as amino acids and sugar.
The speed that each solute travels along a chromatogram depends on its what?
Its solubility in the solvent used
A separation technique in which soluble target proteins with a high affinity in a mixture become attached to specific molecules as the mixture passes down a column. Non-target molecules with a weaker affinity are washed out.
Affinity chromatography.
Electrophoresis gel used to separate molecules by shape, size and charge
Native
Electrophoresis gel used to separate molecules by size alone. It does this by giving all molecules an equally negative charge and denaturing them.
SDS-page
The pH at which a protein has no overall charge and will precipitate out of solution.
Isoelectric point or IEP
Technique which uses
antibodies linked to reporter enzymes to cause a colour change in the presence of a specific protein antigen.
Immunoassay
Antibodies that are all specific for a particular protein
Monoclonal antibodies
“Labels” used to detect an antibody joined to a protein antigen
Reporter enzyme OR Fluorescence OR Chemiluminescence.
Technique in which labelled antibodies joined to specific proteins are immobilised on a membrane.
Western blotting
Microscopy technique used to examine whole organisms, parts of organisms or thin sections of stained tissue.
Bright field
Microscopy technique that allows protein structures to be seen by using a light emitting stain.
Fluorescence
Cell culture technique that is designed to prevent contamination by micro-organisms.
Aseptic technique
Ways to sterilise equipment and culture media
Heat OR chemicals
