1.1 L04 Methods of Philosophizing

Question 1

how important it is to a person to learn the truth

Answer 1

philosophizing

Question 2

philosophizing

Answer 2

considers or discusses a matter from a philosophical standpoint

Question 3

methods of philosophizing;

Answer 3

• phenomenology: on consciousness
• existentialism: on freedom
• postmodernism: on culture
• analytic tradition
• logic and critical thinking: tools in reasoning

Question 4

phenomenology: on consciousness

Answer 4

truth is based on the person’s consciousness

Question 5

who founded phenomenology

Answer 5

Edmund Husserl

Question 6

focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena, appearances

Answer 6

phenomenology

Question 7

the normal state of being awake and able to understand what is happening around you

Answer 7

condition of being conscious

Question 8

phenomenon came from the Greek word ___ which means ___

Answer 8

“phainomenon” and appearance

Question 9

phenomenology

Answer 9

the scientific study of the essential structures of consciousness

Question 10

existentialism: on freedom

Answer 10

one’s search for truth might be based on one’s attitude or outlook

Question 11

often thought to be antireligious

Answer 11

existentialism

Question 12

truth is based on exercising choices and personal freedom

Answer 12

existentialism

Question 13

existentialism;

our search for truth by means of ___ ___ is a rational choice

Answer 13

critical thinking

Question 14

existentialists share a concern for ___ and ___ responsibility

Answer 14

individual and personal

Question 15

postmodernism: on culture

Answer 15

truth is not absolute

Question 16

diffuse family of ideas and trends that in significant respect rejects challenges or aims to supersede “modernity”,

Answer 16

vogue, postmodernism: on culture

Question 17

“Language is socially conditioned.”

Answer 17

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Question 18

analytic tradition

Answer 18

the conviction that to some significant degree, philosophical problems, puzzles, and errors are rooted in language

Question 19

can be solved or avoided by a sound understanding of language and careful attention to its working

Answer 19

analytic tradition

Question 20

centered in analysis and construction of arguments

Answer 20

logic

Question 21

distinguishing facts and opinion or personal feelings

Answer 21

critical thinking

Question 22

types of reasoning;

Answer 22

• deductive reasoning

- inductive reasoning

Question 23

inductive reasoning

Answer 23

based on observations in order to make generalizations

Question 24

deductive reasoning

Answer 24

based on generalizations in order to make observations

Question 25

one more specific assertion, often an inference

Answer 25

logic and critical thinking: tools in reasoning