1.1 - INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Question 1

• Double helix diameter is 20 A
• Antiparallel chains
• Bases are 3.4 A apart
• Base complementarity (A-T; G-C)
• 34 A every complete turn

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

every new DNA double helix would be a hybrid that consist of 1 strand of old DNA bound to 1 strand of newly synthesized DNA

Answer 2

Semiconservative mode of replication

Question 3

Found in the nucleus of the cell; present in organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Primarily present in the cytoplasm

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

Double-stranded helix

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

Single-stranded

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

Replicates and stores genetic info

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

Converts genetic info to build proteins

Answer 8

RNA

Question 9

A T G C

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

A U G C

Answer 10

RNA

Question 11

A-T (2 hydrogen bonds)
C-G (3 hydrogen bonds)

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

A-U
C-G

Answer 12

RNA

Question 13

Deoxyribose (H+ in the 2nd carbon)

Answer 13

DNA

Question 14

Ribose (OH- in the 2nd carbon)

Answer 14

RNA

Question 15

More stable

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

Less stable

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

a single stranded complementary copy of the nucleotide sequence in a gene

Answer 17

mRNA

Question 18

transfer of genetic information from the base sequence of DNA to the base sequence of RNA mediated by RNA synthesis

Answer 18

Transcription

Question 19

conversion of information encoded in the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA into the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein

Answer 19

Translation

Question 20

sequences of three nucleotides that specify amino acids and serves as the start codon, marking the beginning of the polypeptide chain

Answer 20

Codon

Question 21

signal the end of formation of a polypeptide chain

Answer 21

Stop Codon

Question 22

a portion of the gene that does not code for amino acids

Answer 22

Intron

Question 23

a portion of the gene that codes for amino acids

Answer 23

Exon

Question 24

a region of the DNA molecule to which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription

Answer 24

Promoter Region

Question 25

the nucleotide sequence at the end of a gene that signals the end of transcription

Answer 25

Terminator Region

Question 26

carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of 3 base code

Answer 26

mRNA

Question 27

structural, functional component of ribosomes

Answer 27

rRNA

Question 28

key to deciphering the code in mRNA; transports amino acids to ribosomes

Answer 28

tRNA

Question 29

processes RNA transcripts in eukaryotic cells

Answer 29

snRNA

Question 30

• One strand of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA
• The mRNA is processed and moves to the cytoplasm where it is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein

Answer 30

The Flow of Genetic Information

Question 31

• DNA contains instructions for making a protein, which are copied by RNA
• RNA then uses the instructions to make a protein

Answer 31

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Question 32

3 nucleotides specify 1 amino acid

Answer 32

Triple

Question 33

3 nucleotides are read then the following 3 and so on

Answer 33

Non-overlapping

Question 34

more than 1 codon may encode the same amino acid

Answer 34

Degenerate

Question 35

same code in all living organisms (eg bacteria, plants, animals)

Answer 35

Universal

Question 36

EMBL

Answer 36

European Molecular Biology Laboratory

Question 37

Housed at NCBI

Answer 37

GenBank
National Center for Biotechnology Information

Question 38

DDBJ

Answer 38

DNA Data Bank of Japan

Question 39

Purine

Answer 39

adenine and guanine

Question 40

pyrimidines

Answer 40

cytosine, uracil, and thymine

Question 41

two-ringed structure consisting of a nine-membered molecule with four nitrogen atoms

Answer 41

Purine

Question 42

one single ring, which has just six members and two nitrogen atoms

Answer 42

pyrimidine