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Biology > 1.1 Introduction To Cells > Flashcards

1.1 Introduction To Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Giant Algae

A

-genes stored in nuclei
-feed by photosynthesis
-single nucleus
-up to 100mm big

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2
Q

Striated Muscle

A

-fibres
-have membrane
-have genetic material
-multple nuclei
-up to 30mm big

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3
Q

Virus

A

-not dead nor alive
-not a cell
-can only reproduce in host cell

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4
Q

Mr. Reghn

A

Movement
Response
.
Reproduction
Excretion
Growth
Homeostasis
Nutrition

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5
Q

Cell surface to volume ratio

A

defines ammount of substances coming in and out of cell

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6
Q

Small Surface to Volume ratio

A

-few substances enter
-waste products accumulate inside
-cell becomes saturated

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7
Q

StV ratio and heat

A

-ratio small –> cell overheats

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8
Q

Cell differenciation

A

-different functions
-specialized cells = tissue
-cells divide work roles

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9
Q

Exceptions to Cell Theory

A

-Striated muscle cell
-Giant algae
-Virus

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10
Q

Gene Expression

A

-all cells have same genes
-genes used are expressed

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11
Q

Cell Differentiation

A

Different sequences of genes being expressed in cells to carry out dfferent functions

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12
Q

Stem Cells Definition

A

undifferentiated cell that can form more cells. If it differentiates it forms specific types of cells.

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13
Q

Types of Stem Cells

A

-Totipotent
-unipotent
-pluripotent
-multipotent

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14
Q

Totipotent Stem Cells

A

can differenciate to any type of cell and create another organism.
eg. placental cell

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15
Q

Unipotent Stem Cells

A

Can differentiate into their cell type.
eg. liver stem cells make liver cells

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16
Q

Pluripotent Stem Cells

A

Can differentiate into any type of cell but cannot create an organism.

17
Q

Multipotent Stem Cells

A

Can differentiate into a few types of closely related cells.

18
Q

Stargardt’s Disease

A

Genetic disease that worsens sight. Use of Stem cells: embryotic cells develop into retinal cells. They improve eyesight.

19
Q

Embryonic Stem Cells

A

-from embryos developed in a lab process. Raises ethical issues.
-unlimited growth and differentiation into any cell
-more risk of becoming tumor
-less chance of genetic damage

20
Q

Chord Blood Stem Cells

A

-easy to extract and sore
-already available
-no rejection issues
-limited differentiation
-limited stem cells

21
Q

Adult Stem Cells

A

-hard to obtain
-less growth potential
-less tumor chance
-limited differentiation
-no rejection issues

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