1.1- INTRO TO BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

Question 1

What is a covalent bonding?

Answer 1

atoms share a pair of electrons in outer shells

Question 2

What does the covalent bond do?

Answer 2

outer shells of both atoms filled and more stable compound , molecule, formed

Question 3

What is an ionic bonding?

Answer 3

ions with opposite charges attract one another

Question 4

What is the ionic bond?

Answer 4

electrostatic attraction

Question 5

Which of the two is weaker? (ionic/covalent)

Answer 5

ionic bonds weaker than covalent bonds

Question 6

Hydrogen bonding

How are the electrons within a molecule distributed?

Answer 6

not evenly distributed but tend to spend more time at one position

Question 7

Hydrogen bonding

How is this region charged?

Answer 7

more negatively charged than the rest of the molecule

Question 8

What is a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge said to be?

Answer 8

polarised- it is a polar molecule

Question 9

polar molecule

What happens to the different regions of the molecule?

Answer 9

negative region of one polarised molecule and the positively charged region of another attract each other

Question 10

polar molecule

What is formed between the two molecules?

Answer 10

weak electrostatic bond

Question 11

Hydrogen bondings as individuals and as a whole

Answer 11

each bond is individually weak
collectively form important forces that alter physical properties of molecules
especially true for water

Question 12

Process by which polymers formed

Answer 12

polymerisation

Question 13

What are the monomers of a polymer usually based on?

Answer 13

carbon

Question 14

E.g. polymers industrially produced

Answer 14

polythene and polyesters

Question 15

E.g. polymers made naturally by living organisms

Answer 15

polysaccharides
polypeptides
polynucleotides

Question 16

What is the basic sub-unit of a polysaccharide?

Answer 16

monosaccharide or single sugar i.e. glucose

Question 17

What are polynucleotides formed from?

Answer 17

mononucleotide sub-units

Question 18

How are polypeptides formed?

Answer 18

linking together peptides that have amino acids as their sub-unit

Question 19

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 19

when a new sub-unit is attached a molecule of water formed

Question 20

E.g. condensation reaction

Answer 20

formation of:
polypeptide from amino acids
polysaccharide starch from monosaccharide glucose

Question 21

How can polymers be broken down?

Answer 21

through the addition of water

Question 22

What is this process of breaking polymers down with water called?

Answer 22

hydrolysis

Question 23

Define metabolism

Answer 23

all the chemical processes that take place in living organisms

Question 24

What is a molar solution?

Answer 24

solution that contains one mole of solute in each litre of solution

Question 25

How to find the grams in 1M solution

Answer 25

find total atomic weight

e.g. for NaCl in 1M solution it contains 58.5 grams of sodium chloride in 1 litre of solution