1.1 health & fitness

Question 1

what lifestyle choices can lead to a lower chance of heart disease/stroke ?

Answer 1

• regular exercise
• balanced diet

Question 2

explain the process of high cholesterol leading to a stroke or heart attack

Answer 2

• high blood pressure
• as more powerful contraction is required from the heart to send blood through the partially blocked artery
• if cholesterol continues to block the artery a clot forms
• prevents blood f. around the body.

Question 3

describe and give the effects of physical exercise on strokes

Answer 3

• when brain doesn’t get enough blood supply
• exercise increases blood f. to the brain, preventing starvation of o2.

Question 4

describe and give the effects of physical exercise on cholesterol

Answer 4

• low density and high density lipids (LDL are bad for you)
• high amounts of LDL cause hardening & narrowing of b.v
• exercise helps increase High density lipoproteins & decrease Low density lipoproteins.
• prevents build up of deposits in blood

Question 5

define stroke volume

Answer 5

vol of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction

Question 6

define cardiac output

Answer 6

the vol of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles per minute

Question 7

what is the difference between maximal and sub-maximal intensity

Answer 7

. maximal - exercising past an intensity of 85% of your MHR

. sub maximal - exercising at an intensity up to 85% of your MHR

Question 8

define atherosclerosis

Answer 8

arteries harden and narrow as they become clogged by fatty deposits

Question 9

define atheroma

Answer 9

fatty deposit found in the inner lining of an artery

Question 10

define angina

Answer 10

chest pain that occurs when the blood supply through the coronary arteries to the muscles of the heart is restricted

Question 11

describe and give the effects of physical exercise, high blood pressure

Answer 11

• called hypertension, cause serious heart problems
• measured by systolic and diastolic pressure
• exercise keeps blood vessels flexible and prevent narrowing
• so pressure exerted by blood on the walls of b.v is decreased

Question 12

describe and give the effects of physical exercise, heart disease

Answer 12

• caused by build up of fats in arteries around cardiac muscle
• exercise keeps the cardiac muscle strong and healthy
• includes b.v which remain flexible allowing blood to pass easily through vessels