11 - Haemopoiesis Flashcards
Outline the process of haemopoeisis with growth factors used.
Stem Cells –> Myeloid or Lymphoblasts
Where does haematopoiesis take place?
What are monocytes and granulocytes?
Monocytes - Precursor of macrophages
Granulocytes - White blood cells containing granules
What is the structure and function of erythrocytes?
- Biconcave carry oxygen
- Live 120 days and then removed by liver or spleen. Iron recycled, protoporphyrin broken down to bilirubin and excreted in faeces
- Peritublar endothelial cells detect hypoxia and release erythropoeitin
Where are the following released from:
- Erythropoietin?
- Thromobpoietin?
- G-CSF?
- Interleukins?
- Kidney
- Liver, Kidney, Skeletal muscle cells, stromal cells of bone marrow
- Macrophages and immune cells and endothelium
- Activated T-cells and mast cells
What are leucocytes?
Nucleated white blood cells
What is the structure and function of a neutrophil?
What is the structure and function of eosinophils?
What is the structure and function of Basophils?
What is the structure and function of monocytes?
Distinguish what white blood cells look like under the microscope
What are the different types of T-lymphocyes?
Helper:
- CD4 on surface
- Recognise other immune cells by HLA Class II
- Stimulate cytotoxic t-cells
- Aid humoral immunity (convert b cells to plasma cells)
Cytotoxic:
- Recognise and kill virally infected cells by stimulating apoptosis
NK Cells:
- Stimulate virally infected cells or cancer cells to undergo apoptosis by releasing granozymes and perforin
What is the structure and function of B-cells?
Antibodies on surface, convert to plasma cells and secret immunoglobulins
What is the structure of platelets?
Originate from megakaryocytes
Contain granules:
- Alpha-Granules - Fibrinogen, Factors and other large molecules
- Dense Granules - ADP and Calcium
Briefly outline how platelets form clots.
- Injury
- Vessel contracts due to serotonin release
- Platelet adhesion to endothelial wall
- Platelet aggregation with other platelets
- Platelets provide phospholipid surface for binding of clotting factors