1.1 Global distribution of hazards

Question 1

what is a geological hazard?

Answer 1

• driven by geological processes e.g. plate tectonics.
• examples are earthquakes and volcanoes

Question 2

what is a meteorological hazard?

Answer 2

• driven by weather processes in particular related to temperature and wind
• e.g. heat waves and hurricanes

Question 3

what is a hydrological hazard?

Answer 3

• driven by hydrological or water processes
• e.g. droughts, floods and tsunamis

Question 4

what is a biological hazard?

Answer 4

• driven by biological processes
• e.g. different types of diseases or pests

Question 5

what is the oceanic fracture zone (OFZ)?

Answer 5

• a belt of activity through the oceans along the mid-ocean ridges coming ashore in Africa, the Red sea, the Dead sea and California

Question 6

what is the continental fracture zone (CFZ)?

Answer 6

• a belt of activity following the mountain ranges from Spain via the Alps, to the middle east, the Himalayas to the east indies and circumscribing the pacific

Question 7

how many of the earths earthquakes are found along the pacific ring of fire?

Answer 7

70%

Question 8

where do intra plate earthquakes occur?

Answer 8

• in the middle or interior of tectonic plates and are much rarer than boundary earthquakes

Question 9

where do composite volcanoes occur?

Answer 9

at destructive (subduction) plate boundaries

Question 10

where do shield volcanoes and hot spots occur?

Answer 10

found at constructive boundaries (ocean ridges)

Question 11

hot spot volcanoes

Answer 11

• occur due to the presence of super heated plumes of magma in tge Earths mantle
• these are stationary but the tectonic plates moves across this plume creating volcanoes on the surface above

Question 12

what does the deggs model show?

Answer 12

it shows that a disaster only occurs if a vulnerable population is exposed to a hazard

Question 13

what are some demographic factors affecting vulnerability?

Answer 13

• the size of the vulnerable population
• population density

Question 14

what are socio economic factors affecting vulnerability?

Answer 14

• a countrys level of development
• an individuals wealth

Question 15

what are community preparedness factors affecting vulnerability?

Answer 15

• public education
• recent hazard events
• early warning systems
• building codes

Question 16

what are the community factors affecting vulnerability?

Answer 16

• governance
• effective lines of communication
• emergency personnel
• insurance cover

Question 17

what is the disaster risk equation?

Answer 17

hazard x vulnerability/ capacity to cope