1.1 - Compare Criminal & Deviant Behaviour Flashcards
what are values? give an example
the general principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives - what’s right and wrong
eg. respect for human life
what are norms? give an example.
specific rules or accepted standards that govern people’s behaviour
eg. being quiet in a libary
what are moral codes? give an example
a set of basic rules, values and principles held by an individual, group, organisation or society as a whole
eg. police code of ethics - written guide to core principles
what is deviance? give an example of deviant behaviour
behaviour that differs from normal and is unusual, bad or disapproved of in society - breaking a norm not a law
eg. physically attacking someone for no reason
what are the 2 types of sanctions?
formal and informal
what are formal sanctions? give an example
sanctions given by offical bodies such as the police, courts and schools - punishments for breaking formal written rules
eg. courts giving an offender a fine
what are informal sanctions? give an example
sanctions given by unofficial bodies - used when ‘unspoken’ rules are broken
eg. parents grounding a child for bad behaviour
what are positive sanctions? give an example
something being put in place to help someone
eg. rehabilitation centres and education in prison
what is social control? give a form of social control
ways in which society controls behaviour to ensure we follow norms and laws
eg. sanctions
what are sanctions an example of?
social control
what is the legal definition of criminality?
a form of deviance that involves serious, harmful acts that are against society and punishable by law
for a defendant’s action to be a crime, what 2 elements must it have?
actus reus
mens rea
what does actus reus mean?
‘a guilty act’
what does mens rea mean?
‘a guilty mind’
name 2 exceptions to the ‘actus reus’ & ‘mens rea’ principle
strict liability
self-defence
what does strict liability mean?
if a crime commit is serious, it cannot be excused
eg. rape, murder
what does self-defence mean?
assaulting someone with intentions of causing harm - in a situation where there was no other choice
how does law enforcement affect views of crime?
as some crimes are low priority, police may feel its a waste of time enforcing laws
eg. possession of soft drugs & white collar crimes
how does law making affect views of crime? give an example
laws change to reflect changes in public opinion.
eg. stalking didn’t become an offence until 2012 freedoms act
what are the 2 types of offences in the UK?
summary offences
indictable offences
what are summary offences? give an example
less serious offences - tried by magistrates
eg. speeding
what are indictable offences? give an example
more serious offences - tried by crown court and judge and jury
eg. rape, murder
name 3 categories of indictable offences & give examples
public order offences - violent riots
sexual offences - rape
drug offences - supplying or possession of heroin
name 2 sentences given by the courts
custodial
community
