1.1 - Compare Criminal & Deviant Behaviour

Question 1

what are values? give an example

Answer 1

the general principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives - what’s right and wrong
eg. respect for human life

Question 2

what are norms? give an example.

Answer 2

specific rules or accepted standards that govern people’s behaviour
eg. being quiet in a libary

Question 3

what are moral codes? give an example

Answer 3

a set of basic rules, values and principles held by an individual, group, organisation or society as a whole
eg. police code of ethics - written guide to core principles

Question 4

what is deviance? give an example of deviant behaviour

Answer 4

behaviour that differs from normal and is unusual, bad or disapproved of in society - breaking a norm not a law
eg. physically attacking someone for no reason

Question 5

what are the 2 types of sanctions?

Answer 5

formal and informal

Question 6

what are formal sanctions? give an example

Answer 6

sanctions given by offical bodies such as the police, courts and schools - punishments for breaking formal written rules
eg. courts giving an offender a fine

Question 7

what are informal sanctions? give an example

Answer 7

sanctions given by unofficial bodies - used when ‘unspoken’ rules are broken
eg. parents grounding a child for bad behaviour

Question 8

what are positive sanctions? give an example

Answer 8

something being put in place to help someone
eg. rehabilitation centres and education in prison

Question 9

what is social control? give a form of social control

Answer 9

ways in which society controls behaviour to ensure we follow norms and laws
eg. sanctions

Question 10

what are sanctions an example of?

Answer 10

social control

Question 11

what is the legal definition of criminality?

Answer 11

a form of deviance that involves serious, harmful acts that are against society and punishable by law

Question 12

for a defendant’s action to be a crime, what 2 elements must it have?

Answer 12

actus reus
mens rea

Question 13

what does actus reus mean?

Answer 13

‘a guilty act’

Question 14

what does mens rea mean?

Answer 14

‘a guilty mind’

Question 15

name 2 exceptions to the ‘actus reus’ & ‘mens rea’ principle

Answer 15

strict liability
self-defence

Question 16

what does strict liability mean?

Answer 16

if a crime commit is serious, it cannot be excused
eg. rape, murder

Question 17

what does self-defence mean?

Answer 17

assaulting someone with intentions of causing harm - in a situation where there was no other choice

Question 18

how does law enforcement affect views of crime?

Answer 18

as some crimes are low priority, police may feel its a waste of time enforcing laws
eg. possession of soft drugs & white collar crimes

Question 19

how does law making affect views of crime? give an example

Answer 19

laws change to reflect changes in public opinion.
eg. stalking didn’t become an offence until 2012 freedoms act

Question 20

what are the 2 types of offences in the UK?

Answer 20

summary offences
indictable offences

Question 21

what are summary offences? give an example

Answer 21

less serious offences - tried by magistrates
eg. speeding

Question 22

what are indictable offences? give an example

Answer 22

more serious offences - tried by crown court and judge and jury
eg. rape, murder

Question 23

name 3 categories of indictable offences & give examples

Answer 23

public order offences - violent riots
sexual offences - rape
drug offences - supplying or possession of heroin

Question 24

name 2 sentences given by the courts

Answer 24

custodial
community

Question 25

what is a custodial sentence? give an example

Answer 25

punishment for serious crime
eg. imprisonment

Question 26

what is a community sentence? give an example

Answer 26

punishments served in the community rather than jail
eg. community payback and curfews

Question 27

give 3 examples of police sanctions

Answer 27

cautions
conditional cautions
penalty notices